DISCUSSIONS OF THE FARADAY SOCIETY No. 25, 1958 CONFIGURATIONS AND INTERACTIONS OF MACROMOLECULES AND LIQUID CRYSTALS THE FARADAY SOCIETY Agents f o r the Society’s Publications : The Aberdeen University Press Ltd. 6 Upper Kirkgate AberdeenThe Faraday Society reserves the copyright of all Communications published in the " Discussions" PUBLISHED . . . 1958 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS ABERDEENA GENERAL DISCUSSION ON CONFIGURATIONS AND INTERACTIONS OF MACROMOLECULES AND LIQUID CRYSTALS A GENERAL DISCUSSION on Configurations and Interactions of Macromolecules and Liquid Crystals was held in the Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds (by kind permission of the Vice-Chancellor) on the 15th, 16th and 17th April, 1958. The President, Sir Harry Melville, K.C.B., F.R.S., was in the Chair and over 260 members and visitors were present.Among the distinguished overseas members and guests welcomed by the President were the following: Dr. Acloque (France), Dr. K. Altenburg (Germany), Dr. H. Benninga (Netherlands), Prof. Dr. S. E. Bresler (Leningrad, U.S.S.R.), iMr. J. Bussink (Netherlands), Prof. D. G. Dervichian (France), Dr. E. W. Fischer (Germany), Mr. M. G. Gotz (Germany), Mr. Y. M. de Haan (Netherlands), Dr. F. Halverson (Stamford, U.S. A.), Dr. B. Hargitay (Belgium), Dr. K. Heckmann (Gottingen), Dr. J. Hijmans (Netherlands), Dr. M. Joly (France), Mr. R. Koningsveid (Netherlands), Kr. V. A. Kropatshev (Leningrad, U.S.S.R.), Dr. M. Kryszewski (Poland), Dr. H. Lippmann (Germany), Prof. V. Luzzati (France), Prof.Dr. W. Maier (Germany), Dr. M. B. Matthews (Chicago, U.S.A.), Dr. H. Morawetz (New York, U.S.A.), Mr. H. Mustacchi (France), Dr. F. Patat (Germany), Prof. S. A. ]Rice (Chicago, U.S.A.) Mr. C. Ruscher (Germany), Dr. H. Schuller (Germany), Mr. A. Skoulios (France), Dr.H. Tompa (Belgium), Dr. J. Trommel (Netherlands), Mr. G. A. Voetelink (Oklahoma, U.S.A.), Dr. de Vries (France), Mr. R. A. Vroom (Netherlands), Prof. D. F. Waugh (Cambridge, U.S.A.), Dr. Karl-Heinz Weber (Germany), Dr. K. Westrik (Netherlands), Dr. J. Willems (Germany), Dr. Wippler (France).A GENERAL DISCUSSION ON CONFIGURATIONS AND INTERACTIONS OF MACROMOLECULES AND LIQUID CRYSTALS A GENERAL DISCUSSION on Configurations and Interactions of Macromolecules and Liquid Crystals was held in the Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds (by kind permission of the Vice-Chancellor) on the 15th, 16th and 17th April, 1958.The President, Sir Harry Melville, K.C.B., F.R.S., was in the Chair and over 260 members and visitors were present. Among the distinguished overseas members and guests welcomed by the President were the following: Dr. Acloque (France), Dr. K. Altenburg (Germany), Dr. H. Benninga (Netherlands), Prof. Dr. S. E. Bresler (Leningrad, U.S.S.R.), iMr. J. Bussink (Netherlands), Prof. D. G. Dervichian (France), Dr. E. W. Fischer (Germany), Mr. M. G. Gotz (Germany), Mr. Y. M. de Haan (Netherlands), Dr. F. Halverson (Stamford, U.S. A.), Dr. B. Hargitay (Belgium), Dr. K. Heckmann (Gottingen), Dr. J. Hijmans (Netherlands), Dr. M. Joly (France), Mr.R. Koningsveid (Netherlands), Kr. V. A. Kropatshev (Leningrad, U.S.S.R.), Dr. M. Kryszewski (Poland), Dr. H. Lippmann (Germany), Prof. V. Luzzati (France), Prof. Dr. W. Maier (Germany), Dr. M. B. Matthews (Chicago, U.S.A.), Dr. H. Morawetz (New York, U.S.A.), Mr. H. Mustacchi (France), Dr. F. Patat (Germany), Prof. S. A. ]Rice (Chicago, U.S.A.) Mr. C. Ruscher (Germany), Dr. H. Schuller (Germany), Mr. A. Skoulios (France), Dr.H. Tompa (Belgium), Dr. J. Trommel (Netherlands), Mr. G. A. Voetelink (Oklahoma, U.S.A.), Dr. de Vries (France), Mr. R. A. Vroom (Netherlands), Prof. D. F. Waugh (Cambridge, U.S.A.), Dr. Karl-Heinz Weber (Germany), Dr. K. Westrik (Netherlands), Dr. J. Willems (Germany), Dr. Wippler (France).CONTENTS PAGE GENERAL INTRODUCTIOW- Structure Arrangements of Macromolecules. By J.D. Bernal . . 7 I. LIQUD CRYSTALS- On the Theory of Liquid Crystals. By F. C. Frank. . . 19 Liquid Crystalline Structure in Polypeptide Solutions. Part 2. By The Structure of the Liquid-Crystal Phases of Some Soap + Water Solubility in Soap Solutions. Part 10. Phase Equilibrium, Structural and Diffusion Phenomena involving the Ternary Liquid Crystalline Phase. By A. S. C. Lawrence . . 51 GENERAL ~IscussIoN.-Mr. C. G. Cannon, Prof. F. C. Frank, Prof. W. Maier, Dr. G. W. Gray, Dr. A. S. C. Lawrence, Dr. A. J. Hyde, Dr. G. Dervichian, Dr. K. Heckmann, Mr. K. G. Gotz, Dr. K. H. Weber . . 59 Conmar Robinson, J. C. Ward and R. B. Beevers . . 29 Systems. By V. Luzzati, H. Mustacchi and A. Skoulios . . 43 11. MACROMOLECULES- Introduction, By W.T. Astbury . . 80 The Entropy of a Flexible Macromolecule. By H. C. Longuet-Higgins 86 Available Methods of Estimating the Most Probable Configurations of Simple Models of a Macromolecule. By H. N. V. Temperley . 92 Chain Configurations in Crystals of Simple Linear Polymers. By C. W. Bunn and D. R. Holmes . . 95 Order-Disorder Transitions in Structure Containing Kelical Molecules. By A. Klug and (the late) Rosalind E. Franklin . . 104 Oriented Growth in the Field of Organic High Polymers. By J. Willems . . 111 Study of Single Crystals and their Associations in Polynws. By A. Keller and A. O’Connor . . 114 Molecular and Group Association Equilibria in Polymers Containing Some Comments on the Theory of Denaturation. By Stuart A. Rice, The Stability of the Helica DNA Molecule in Solution. By Julian M.Molecular Association Induced by Flow in Solutions of some Macro- 5 Widely Spaced Interacting Groups. S y H. Morawetz. . . 122 Akiyoshi Wada and E. Peter Geiduschek . . 130 Sturtevant, Stuart A. Rice and E. Peter Geiduschek . . 138 molecular Polyelectrolytes. By M. Jcly . . 1506 CONTENTS PAGE Structure Molecular Forces and Aggregation Reactions of Macro- molecules of Complex Polymers. By S . E. Bresler . . 158 Optical Rotation and Infra-Red Spectra of Some Polypeptide and Protein Films. By A. Elliott, W. E. Hanby and B. R. Malcolm . 167 The Polypeptide Chain Configurations of Native and Denatured Collagen Fibres. By E. M. Bradbury, R. E. Burge, J. T. Randall and G. R. Wilkinson . . 173 The Interactions of ms- 6- and K- Caseins in Micelle Formation. By David F. Waugh . . 186 Polynucleotide Conformations. By Richard S. Morgan . . 193 On the Structure of some Ribonucleoprotein Particles. By (the late) Rosalind E. Franklin, A. Klug, J. T. Finch and K. C. Holmes . . 197 GENERAL DrscussroN.-Prof. M. Dole, Prof. S. E. BresIer, Dr. A. Sack, Dr. M. E. Fisher, Mr. H. N. V. Temperley, Prof. H. Morawetz, Dr. D. A. Marvin, Dr. E. W. Fischer, Mr. A. Kel!er and Mr. A. O’Connor, Dr. R. Westrik and Dr. C. V. Monk, Prof. F. C. Frank, Dr. C . W. Bunn, Dr. D. J. R. Laurence, Dr. K. V. Shooter, Dr. R. A. Cox, Dr. A. R. Peacocke, Prof. Stuart A. Rice and Dr. E. P. Geiduschek, Mr. K. G. Gotz, Dr. G. A. Gilbert, Dr. M. Kryszewski, Dr. G. B. B. M. Sutherland, Prof. D. D. Eley, Dr. A. Elliott, Dr. G. R. Wilkinson and Dr. E. M. Bradbury, Dr. R. E. Burge, Dr. P. M. Cowan, Mr. D. M. G. Armnstrog . 199 Author Index . . 235