The State of California has a recognized interest in flood‐control of long standing. Through legislation, investigations and planning, and direct expenditure of State funds, it has actively assisted or participated in flood‐control since the Fifties.One of the most serious problems early confronting the pioneers who settled in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys, as well as in other sections of the State, was that of controlling floods. Far too commonly towns and agricultural lands bordering the streams were inundated by floods resulting in destruction of life and property. Individuals who sought to cope with the problem soon found it to be far beyond their ability and resources and it was realized that only by organized effort could the necessary resources be mustered to provide the protective works required. It was natural that these early pioneers should turn to the State for assista