Although haematuria is a relatively common symptom of hemophilia A and B, renal disease seemed to be a rarity and it has usually been held that this symptom was benign in nature. However detailed studies of renal function in a series of such patients using radiological and biochemical tests of renal function show significant differences compared to normal. These abnormalities seem to be associated with recurrent haematuria but do not appear to be related directly to replacement therapy with plasma concentrate and do not occur more frequently in patients who have received long term fibrinolytic inhibitors. Other rare renal disorders associated with haemophilia include nephrotic syndrome, trauma, acute tubular necrosis, analgesic nephropathy and chronic pyelonephritis.