The influence of caffeine on the metabolic and catccholamirie responses to mild exercise in a cold and a warm environment was studied in eight healthy males. The subjects performed 60 min of cycling at 50% VO2maxin a cold environment (5°C and 70% relative humidity) and a warm environment (28°C and 50% relative humidity) 30 min after ingesting caffeine (5 mg·kg−1body weight) or placebo (dextrose). Caffeine ingestion prior to exercise in the warm environment resulted in increased plasma epinephrine, with no effect on plasma norepinephrine. Neither lipid nor carbohydrate metabolism was altered by caffeine in the warm trial. Exercise in the cold environment (placebo) produced increased VO2and carbohydrate metabolism, decreased lipid metabolism, and no difference in plasma catecholmines compared with the warm-placebo trial. Responses to the combination of caffeine ingestion and the cold environment did not differ from cold-placebo responses in VO2during the cycling bout. However, in the coldcaffeine trial plasma epinephrine was elevated. In addition, fat oxidation and serum free fatty acids were elevated in the cold-caffeine condition. Carbohydrate oxidation was depressed, while serum glucose and blood lactate were elevated in this trial compared to cold-placebo. Thus, caffeine increases plasma epinephrine; cold increases oxygen consumption and carbohydrate metabolism, while decreasing lipid metabolism; and the combination of caffeine and cold during exercise increases plasma epinephrine and lipid metabolism, but decreases carbohydrate metabolism.