Laboratory investigations of the electrical characteristics of honey bees and their exposure to intense electric fields
作者:
Vytautas P. Bindokas,
James R. Gauger,
Bernard Greenberg,
期刊:
Bioelectromagnetics
(WILEY Available online 1989)
卷期:
Volume 10,
issue 1
页码: 1-12
ISSN:0197-8462
年代: 1989
DOI:10.1002/bem.2250100102
出版商: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
关键词: Apis mellifera;electric fields;60 Hz;transmission lines;induced currents;impedance
数据来源: WILEY
摘要:
AbstractBees exposed to 60‐Hz electric (E) fields>150 kV/m show field‐induced vibrations of wings, antennae, and body hairs. They also show altered behavior if exposed while in contact with a conductive substrate. Measurements indicate that approximately 240 nA is coupled to a bee standing on a conductive substrate in a 100‐kV/m E field. In lab experiments, bee disturbance and sting result from exposure to E field>200 kV/m (bee current>480 nA) and reduced voluntary movements at>300 kV/m (>720 nA bee current)onlyif the bee is on a conductive substrate. It is hypothesized that in the latter situation coupled bee current drains through the lower thorax and legs to the conductive substrate, and that the resulting enhanced current density in these regions is the cause of observed responses. The observation that bees exposed to intense E fields on an insulator show vibration of body parts but no behavioral response suggests that vibration contributes little to the disturbance of bees in intense E fields.Lab measurements of bee impedance from front‐to‐rear leg pairs were made on wet and dry conductors. Measurements validate the selection of 1 MΩ as a middle value for bee impedance used in the design of devices used to generate step‐potential‐induced cu
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