INORGANIC CHEMISTRY.THERE has been a steady output of papers on Inorganic Chemistryduring the past year but rather smaller in amount than for someyears past. The discovery of the missing alkali metal-No. 87-byJ. Papish has been announced,l but it is not possible at present tosay whether the claim rests on any sound basis. Optically activecompounds of nickel have been prepared which owe their activityto six-co-ordinated nickel.2 Reports on all atomic-weight work inthe previous year will in future be issued at the beginning of eachyear by the Committee on Atomic Weights of the InternationalUnion of Chemistry. This makes it unnecessary to consider atomic-weight determinations in the present Report. The first report onatomic weights under the new r6gime dealt with work publishedduring 1930 and was issued in June.3The other special topics which have been considered in the lasttwo annual reports no longer seem to call for special mention, andany paper bearing upon them, to which it is desired to refer, will bementioned under the group of elements most directly affected.Group 0.The transition temperature of the two forms of liquid helium islowered as the pressure is in~reased.~ Further details have beenpublished of improved methods of extracting krypton and xenonfrom liquid-air residues, and of the redetermination of variousconstants.5Group I.It is becoming increasingly evident that the peculiar effects onthe boiling of liquids produced by very complete removal of tracesof moisture are due to superheating and not to a true elevation ofboiling point brought about by some disturbance of the inner1 See note in Nature, 1931,128, 696 ; J.Papish and E. Wainer, J . Amer.Chem. SOC., 1931,53,3818 ; A., 1348.2 G. T. Morgan and F. H. Burstall, J., 1931,2213; A., 1168; Nature, 1931,127, 854; A., 895.J., 1931,1617.4 W. H. Keesom and K. Clusius, Proc. K . Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, 1931,5 F. J. Allen and R. B. Moore, J . Arner. Chem. Xoc., 1931, 53, 2512, 2522;34,605; Naturwiss., 1931,19,462; A , , 1004.A., 111750 BASSETT :equilibrium of the liquid.6 The direct formation of hydrogen per-oxide from hydrogen and oxygen has been studied between 510"and 650" at pressures of 5-760 mm. and it has been shown to be aprimary product.' The yield of hydrogen peroxide (and of ammon-ium persulphate) in the electrolytic method of preparation can beconsiderably increased by using a streaming electrolyte.* Thedisplacement of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth from solutions oftheir salts by hydrogen under high pressure has been studied.9No anhydrous polyiodide of potassium can exist at 25" or above,lObut the hydrated compounds KI,,H,O and KI,,H,O, as well as thebenzene compound KI,,2C6H6, all exist a t 25".11 The polybromidesof cssium are analogous to the polyiodides in so far as tri- andtetra-bromides exist but not a pentabromide.12 Pure sodiummonoxide may be prepared by heating sodium azide with sodiumnitrite or nitrate in a nickel crucible.The reaction is smooth andeasy to control but is not applicable to potassium monoxide.Reac-tion with oxygen to form peroxide is only slow at moderate tem-peratures, but a t 100" nitric oxide reacts vigorously to form, amongother products, sodium hyponitrite, which can be obtained in a verypure state by suitable treatment. Various decompositions ofsodium hyponitrite have been studied.13T. G. Pearson and P. L. Robinson have continued their work onpolysulphides and have examined those of lithium, potassium, andrubidium.14 Rubidium and caium metaplumbates 15 and hypo-phosphites have been prepared. An account has been publishedof much further work on the curious salt-like compounds of sodiumwith certain heavy metals such as Na4Sn9 and Na,Pb, which are6 E. Cohen and W. A. T. Cohen-de Meester, Proc.K . Akad. Wetensch.Amsterdam, 1930, 33, 1003 ; A . , 1931, 294 ; A. Smits, E. L. Swart, P. Bruin,and W. M. Mazee, 2. physikal. Chem., 1931,153, 255; A., 430; J. W. Smith,J., 1931, 2573.7 R. N. Pease, J. Arner. Chem. SOC., 1930, 52, 5106; A., 320.8 E. H. Riesenfeld and A. Solovian, 2. physikal. Chem., Bodenstein Fest-band, 1931,405; A., 1248.V. V. Ipatiev, jun., M. N. Platonova, and V. S. Malinovski, Ber., 1931,64, [B], 1959; A., 1242; V. V. Ipatiev, jun., andV. I. Tichomirov, ibid.,p. 1951 ;A., 1242; V. V. Ipatiev, jun., I. R. Molkentin, and V. P. Theodorovitsch,ibid., p. 1964; A., 1243.lo Ann. Reports, 1930, 27, 67; W. D. Bancroft, G. A. Scherer, and L. P.Gould, J . Physical Chern., 1931, 35, 764; A., 580.11 N. S. Grace, J ., 1931, 594; A., 580.12 N. Rae, ibid., p. 1578; A., 921.13 5. R. Partington and C. C. Shah, ibid., p. 2071; A., 1140.1 4 Ibid., pp. 413, 1304, 1983; A . , 443, 807, 1139.l5 E. R. Sbiera, Bul. Fac. Stiinte Cernauti, 1927,1, 59; Chem. Zentr., 1931,l6 L. Hackspill and J. Weiss, Compt. rend., 1931, 192, 425; A., 443.i,1262; A., 1931, 808INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 51soluble in liquid ammonia in the form of ammines.l' A numberof interesting compounds of the alkali metals with salicylaldehydehave been prepared by F. M. Brewer,l8 who has by their help beenable to establish the following covalency numbers : lithium 4 ;sodium 4 ; potassium, rubidium, and czesium 4 and 6.The dissociation pressures of the reaction 2CuC1, 2CuC1+ CZ,have been measured between 360" and 500".19The existence of the compounds Cu2C1,,2C0 and Cu2Br,,2CO hasbeen established by a study of the gas pressures during the actionof carbon monoxide on cuprous chloride or bromide.The iodideprobably yields a similar compound, but far more slowly. Similarsilver and gold compounds could not be obtained.20The products precipitated by the action of sulphite upon solutionsof cupric selenite depend upon the pH of the solution and mayconsist of cuprous oxide, cuprous or cupric selenide, or selenium.The conditions under which pure cuprous or cupric selenide can beobtained have been established.,l Cupric perchlorate has beenprepared as a hepta- and a di-hydrate, as well as a number ofammine derivatives.22 The conductivities of the copper (zinc ornickel) salts of various alkyl-substituted malonic acids have beenmeasured,23 and potentiometric measurements have been made withthe copper salts of various substituted aminoacetic acids.% Con-clusions are drawn as to the effects of the substituents on complex-anion formation.Silver hydride is a salt-like compound showing great analogy tolithium hydride.It can be obtained by prolonged action of atomichydrogen on silver There are two modifications of silveriodide stable below 146", one cubic (zinc blende type) and onehexagonal (wurtzite type). Another cubic variety is formed above146°.26 A number of well-crystallised salts of bivalent silver havebeen prepared in which the argentic ion has been stabilised in thefirst place by co-ordination with ad-dipyridyl and secondly by1931,154, 1, 41 ; A., 695 ; Ann.Reports, 1929,26, 42.l7 E. Zintl, J. Goubeau, W. Dullenkopf, and A. Harder, 2. physikal. Chem.,J., 1931, 361 ; A., 443.(Mlle.) A. E. Korvezee, Rec. traw. chim., 1931, 50, 505; A., 684.2o 0. H. Wagner, 8. anorg. Chem., 1931,196, 364; A., 581.21 W. Geilmann and F. W. Wrigge, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931, 197, 375; A.,22 R. Portillo and L. Alberola, Anal. Fis. Quim., 1930, 28, 1117; R. Portillo,23 D. J. G. Ives and H. L. Riley, J., 1931, 1998; A., 1126.24 H.' L. Riley and V. Gallafent, ibid., p. 2029; A., 1126.25 E . Pietsch and F. Seuferling, Natwwiss., 1931, 19, 573; A., 1019.26 R. Bloch and H. Moller, 8. physikal. Chem., 1931, 152, 245; A.,809.ibid., p.1125; A., 1931, 49.44452 BASSETT :union with strongly oxidising anions such as the nitrate, chlorate,perchlorate, or persulphate ions.27The superconductivity of gold-bismuth alloys has been shown tobe due to the definite compound Au2BLz8 Direct introduction ofgold into the aromatic nucleus has been shown to be possible by theaction of auric chloride on various aromatic compounds.29 A largenumber of derivatives of auric bromide have been prepared 30 whichshow that probably auric gold always has a co-ordination number offour and that auric bromide itself is (AuBr,), where n is at least 2.Group 11.A number of beryllium compounds have been prepared from thepurified basic acetate, and their behaviour on electrolysis in anumber of non-aqueous solvents has been examined.None of thesesolutions is suitable for the preparation of metallic beryllium.31In corrosion experiments with magnesium and magnesium alloys,a mixture of chromic acid and silver chromate has been found usefulfor removing corrosion products .32 Dehydration isotherms showthat only monohydrates and octahydrates of strontium and bariumhydroxides exist. It is doubtful whether calcium hydroxide formsany hydrate.33 The peroxides of all three metals form octahydrates,however, which react as true peroxides, liberating iodine from neutraliodide solutions and not yielding free hydrogen peroxide Thenextracted with ether.34 Several barium polysulphides have beenisolated but individual calcium compounds could not be 0btained.~5Various equilibria involved in the formation of calcium cyanamidefrom calcium cyanide or carbide have been in~estigated.~~No evidence could be found for the various compounds of halogenacids with mercuric sulphate stated to exist by previous workers,but a compound HgSO,,HgI, was obtained.37 The preparation ofHgI,[Zn(NH,) and of some similar compounds has been described.3*27 G.T. Morgan and F. H. Burstall, J., 1930, 2594; A., 1031, 234.28 W. J. he Haas and F. Jurriaanse, Naturwiss., 1931, 19, 706; A., 1224.29 M. S. Kharasch and H. S. Isbell, J . Amer. Chem. SOC., 1931, 53, 3053;30 C. S. Gibson and W. M. Colles, J., 1931, 2407; , A . , 1316,3 l H. S. Booth and G. G. Torrey, J . Physical Chem., 1931, 35, 2465, 2492;32 L. Whitby, J . SOC. Chem. Ind., 1931, 50, 83r; B., 544.33 C.Nogareda, Anal. Pis. Quim., 1931, 29, 33; A., 412; G. F. Hiittig, A.Arbes, Z. Herrmann, and C. Slonim, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931, 196, 403; A., 567.34 Idem, ibid., p. 131 ; A., 412.3 5 P. L. Robinson and W. E. Scott, J., 1931,693 ; A., 695.36 A. Cochet, 2. angew. Chem., 1931, 44, 367; H. H. Franck and H. Hei-37 M. Pai6, Compt. rend., 1930,191, 941 ; A., 1931, 50.38 M. E. Vojatsakis, Bull. SOC. chim., 1931, [iv], 49, 1029; A., 1130.A., 1172.A., 1249.mann, ibid., p. 372; A . , 807, 808INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 53Group I I I .Solutions of B2H6 in liquid ammonia owe their electrolytic con-ductivity to the salt B2H4,2NH4. The reactions which occur duringthe electrolysis of the solution a t -75" have been in~estigated.~~The two principal reactions lead to the formation of B2H4{NH2)2and of B2H5-NH2.Several forms of aluminium hydroxide exist, and attempts havebeen made to elucidate their relation~hips.~O The precipitation ofaluminium hydroxide has been followed conductometrically.40aBy the addition of hydrogen peroxide to cold solutions of alkalialuminates, precipitates are obtained which are said to be per-aluminat esCalcium and cadmium indates, CaO,In,O, and Cd0,1n20s, havebeen prepared by calcining a t 900" nitrates mixed in the rightproportion.42The formation of a film of metal on.the glass walls of the reactiontube during the reduction of thallous or lead chloride by hydrogenis attributed to the formation of volatile thallium or lead h~drides.4~The reduction of thallic chloride by thiocyanate in aqueous solutionhas been examined.44 Lanthanum and neodymium amalgams canbe prepared by electrolysis of alcoholic chloride solutions with amercury cathode.44u Details of a simplXed method for extractinglanthanum from cerite with nitric acid have been published. Largequantities of material can be handled and a good product is saidto be 0btained.~5 Ceric selenate 46 and cerous sulphide 47 have beenprepared, and a number of double sulphates and double selenatesof neodymium have been examined.48 Many anhydrous acetatesand acid acetates of rare-earth metals have been as wellas a number of complex ceric salts of organic acids.50 Solubilities39 A.Stock, E. Wiberg, H. Martini, and A. NickIas, 2.physikal. Chem.,Bodenstein Festband, 1931, 93 ; A., 1248.40 V. Kohlschutter and W. Beutler, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1931, 14, 305, 330;A . , 581 ; H. Kraut and H. Humme, Ber., 1931,64, [ B ] , 1697; A., 1020.40a R. A. Robinson and H. T. S. Britton, J., 1931,2817.41 J. PdSek, Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., 1930,2,653; A., 1931,50.42 L. Passerhi, Gazzetta, 1930,60, 754; A., 1931, 151.43 E. Pietsch and F. Seuferling, Naturwiss., 1931,19, 574; A., 1020.44 I. K. Taimni, J., 1931,2433; A., 1253.4Pa L. F. Audrieth, E. E. Jukkola, R. E. Meints, and B. S. Hopkins, J .4 6 R. Llord y Gamboa, Anal. Pis. Quim., 1930,28, 1145; A., 1931,51.46 J. Meyer and F. Schulz, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931,195, 127; A., 323.4 7 Picon, Compt. rend., 1931, 192,'684; A., 582.4 8 J.Meyer and (Frl.) C. Kittelmmn, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931,195,121 ; A., 321.49 A. Kotovski and H. Lehl, ibid., 109, 183; A., 1020.5 0 L. Lortie, Ann. Chim., 1930, [XI, 14,407; A., 1931, 182.Amer. Chem. SOC., 1931, 53, 1805; A., 80554 BASSETT :of lanthanum hydroxide and oxalate a t 25" have been determined,51and also of neodymium selenates over the temperature range 0-100". 52Group IV.I n the oxidation of methane by oxygen a t 360" and 100 atmospherespressure, as much as 17% of the methane burnt has been obtainedas methyl alcohol, and 0.6% as formaldehyde with no trace ofperoxide.53 The reaction is over in a few minutes and it is con-cluded that the hydroxylation theory of combustion is still to bepreferred to the peroxidation theory.A 17% yield of potassiumoxalate can be obtained by the interaction of carbon dioxide withmetallic potassium a t 230-240".5*Pure Tic, ZrC, HfC, NbC, and TaC have been prepared, and alsoTm, ZrN, TaN, and the borides of the same metals. Details of thepreparation and properties of the compounds are given.55Disilicon hexafluoride, Si,F6, has been prepared by the interactionof the hexachloride with anhydrous zinc fluoride. It is instantlyhydrolysed by moisture.56 The formation of monosilicic acid andits polymerisation have been ~tudied,~' and a number of complexcyclohexanol derivatives of silicic acids have been prepared byinteraction of cycZohexano1 and silicon tetra~hloride.~~Dehydration of hydrated stannous chloride by acetic anhydrideis a convenient way of preparing the anhydrous compound.59Stannites and thio-oxystannites of calcium, strontium, and bariumhave been made by combination of stannous oxide or sulphide a thigh temperatures with the alkaline earth.60There are only two polymorphic forms of lead monoxide, the redand the yellow.Black forms obtained from solution or by theaction of heat or light on the red or the yellow form owe their colourto the presence of metallic lead.61 Two types of lead dioxide aresaid to exist.6251 I. M. Kolthoff and (Miss) R. Elmquist, J. Amer. Chem. SOC., 1931, 53,1217; A., 677.52 J. A. N. Friend, J., 1931, 1802; A., 1020.53 W. A. Bone, Nature, 1931, 127,481; 128, 188; A., 598, 1030.54 31. Lemarchands and H. L. Roman, Compt. rend., 1931,192,1381 ; A., 921.55 A.Agte, K. Moers, Heyne, and K. Becker, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931, 198,56 W. C. Schumb and E. L. Gamble, J. Amer. Chem. SOC., 1931, 53, 3191 ;5 7 H. Kraut, Ber., 1931, 64, [B], 1709; A., 1021.5 8 R. Signer and H. Gross, Annalen, 1931, 488, 56; A., 1021.59 H. Stephen, J., 1930, 2786; A., 1931, 182.6 o S. Tamaru and H. Sakurai, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931,195,24; S. Tamaru andO1 M. P. Applebey and H. M. Powell, J . , 1931, 2821.62 E. J. Rode, J . Rzcss. Phys. Chem. SOC., 1930, 62, 1419; A., 1931, 61.233; A., 921.A., 1140.Y. Tanaka, ibid., p. 35; A., 320, 321INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 55The electrolytic formation of amalgams of titanium, uranium, andvanadium has been examined, and also some of the properties of theamalgams so obtained.63 Cobalt and zinc orthotitanates have beenprepared and added to the spinel gr0up.~4 The extraction ofgermanium from germanite has been described.65 Methods havebeen given for preparing germanic nitride,G6 sulphate, and oxychloride(Ge20C1,),67 ai:d of a number of double compounds of germaniumdichloride and tetrachloride with organic bases.68 Work ongermanium imide and germanomolybdic acid reported last year hasbeen confirmed by other workers.69Zirconium dibromide has been prepared as a black powder whichreacts violently with water, liberating hydrogen.It is obtaineda t 350" by the reaction 2ZrBr,+ ZrBra + ZrBr2, whilst ZrBr,is prepared by reduction of ZrBra with aluminium in an atmosphereof hydrogen a t 450". It is a bluish-black powder giving with watera rapidly fading yellow solution from which hydrogen is liberatedand which has powerful reducing properties.70 Normal zirconiumoxalate can be precipitated from methyl-alcoholic solution, and alsothe aniline derivative (PhN),Zr.71 Zirconium and hafnium sulphatesare very difficult to prepare free from excess of ~ulphate.'~Group v.The properties of nitrogen trifluoride have been examined andseveral intermediate stages in its formation have been isolated,including NH,F and NHF2 and a yellow compound which is thoughtto be NF,.These are all gases at ordinary temperature andpressure.73 Nitrogen tri-iodide also has been isolated by the actionof dry ammonia on various iododibromides. 74The action of nitric oxide on alkaline hydroxides 75 and upon63 R.Groves and A. S. Russell, J., 1931, 2805 ; A., 1377.64 L. Passerhi, Guzzettu, 1930, 60, 957; A., 1931, 289.6 5 W. I. Patnode and R. W. Work, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1931,23,204; B., 495.66 W. C. Johnson, J. Arner. Chem. SOC., 1930,52, 5160; A., 1931, 322.6 7 R. Schwarz, P. W. Schenk, and H. Giese, Ber., 1931, 64, [B], 362; A.,446.A. Tchakirian, Cornpt. rend., 1931, 192, 233; A., 322; J. S . Thomas andW. W. Southwood, J., 1931, 2083; A., 1140.69 Ann. Reports, 1930, 27, 65; J. S. Thomas and W. Pugh, J., 1931, 60;C. G. Grosscup, J. Amer. c'hem. SOC., 1930,52, 6154; A., 1931,322.7 0 R. C. Young, J. Arner. Chem. SOC., 1931, 53, 2148; A., 922.71 H. S. Gable, ibid., 1931, 53, 1276, 1612; A., 696.7 2 G. von Hevesy and E. Cremer, 2.anorg. Chem., 1931,195, 339; A., 322.73 0. Ruff, W. Menzel, Hecht, E. Hanke, L. Staub, H. Wallauer,. andE. Ascher, ibid., 197, 273; 0. Ruff and E. Hanke, ibid., p. 395; 0. Ruff and(Frl.) L. Staub, ibid., 198, 32; A., 696, 809.74 H. W. Cremer and D. R. Duncan, J., 1930,2750; A., 1931, 182.76 E. Barnes, J., 1931, 2605 ; A., 137956 BASSETT :various reducing agents 76 has been examined. Various reactionsof (HSN), have been studied, and the product obtained by theaction of chlorine upon N4S4 is shown to have the formula (NSCl),and is considered to be N<sc1:N>SC1.77 Variations in the densityof red phosphorus dependent upon the temperature and pressure atwhich it has been produced from white phosphorus have beenexamined. 78Direct union of the elements yields phosphides and arsenides ofniobium, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten,59 and variousphosphides result from the action of hypophosphites on acid oralkaline solutions of nickel or cobalt salts.80The compounds AlCl,,PH,, AlBr3,PH,, and AlI,,PH, are allreadily formed and can be sublimed. Beryllium halides do notcombine with phosphine.81Addition compounds of phosphorus pentachloride and antimonypentachloride with pyridine have been reported.82Nickel arsenide, Ni3As2, results from the prolonged action offhely divided 'nickel, reduced at a low temperature, upon a hotsolution of arsenious chloride.8,Antimony bromodi-iodide, SbBrI,, results from the action ofbromine upon ethyldi-iodostibine, although chlorine yields only thetri-iodide. ** X-Ray examination of the system bismuth-iodineshows that only the tri-iodide exists and no s~b-iodide.~~ There aredefinite indications of the existence of a compound Bi,03,3H,0.s6A large number of internally complex organic acid salts of bismuthand of ter- and quinque-valent antimony and arsenic have beendescribed.87 From a study of the isomorphous relationships of itssalts with those of several other metals, it is concluded that polonium76 H.Gehlen, Ber., 1931, 64, [BJ, 1267; M. L. Nichols and C. W. Morse, J .Physical Chem., 1931, 35, 1239; H. B. Dunniclifl, S. Mohammad, and J.Kishen, ibid., p. 1721 ; A . , 922.77 A. Meuwsen and H. Holch, Ber., 1931, 64, [B], 2301 ; A. Meuwsen, ibid.,p. 2311 ; A., 1254.7 8 V. N.Ipatiev, A. Frost, and A. V. Vedenski, Bull. SOC. chim., 1931, Liv],49,670; A., 898.79 E. Heinerth and W. Biltz, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931,198, 168; A., 809.8o R. Scholder and H. Heckel, ibid., p. 329; A., 922.81 R. Holtze and F. Meyer, ibid., 197, 93 ; A., 583.82 J. C. HuttonandH. W. Webb, J., 1931, 1518; A., 922.83 G. Arrivaut, Compt. rend., 1931, 192, 1238; A., 810.8 5 V. Caglioti, Qazzetta, 1930, 60, 933 ; A., 1931, 323.86 G. F. Huttig, T. Tsugi, and B. Steiner, 2. anorg. Chern., 1931, 200, 74;87 A. Rosenheim, I. Baruttschisky, W. Bulgrin, W. Plato, and G. Ebert,SCl'NR. E. D. Clark, J., 1930, 2737; A . , 1931, 183.A., 1235.ibid., p. 173; A., 1254INORUANIC CHEMISTRY. 57can have valencies of three and four.88 An elaborate study has beenmade of the electrolytic reduction of vanadium through all thestages from quinque- to bi-valent, various kinds of electrodes behg~ s e d .8 ~ The exact procedure in the electrolytic reduction of vanadicacid for the satisfactory isolation of crystalline vanadous sulphateheptahydrate has been worked out, and details given of the prepar-ation of the relatively stable ammonium, potassium, and rubidiumvanadous sulphates. Vanadous salts of other acids are less stableand are difficult to prepare.90The interaction of niobium and tantalum pentoxides with theoxides of various metals has been studied in the solid state, andindications have been obtained of the formation of a number of newniobates and tantalates.91 In an account of the isolation of proto-actinium in the industrial treatment of pitchblende, it is shownthat about 85% of the element present in the mineral dissolves withthe uranium during the digestion with sulphuric acid.This wasrecovered by adsorption on a gel of tantalic acid.92Group V I .The formula H2S,6H20 has been deduced for the hydrate ofhydrogen sulphideg3 It has been suggested that thiosulphonic acidis the primary product of the interaction of hydrogen sulphide andsulphur dioxide in presence of mercury and absence of water.94The effect of catalysts on the combination of sulphur monochloridewith chlorine has been considered, as well as several peculiarities ofthe reaction.95It has been shown that colloidal sulphur prepared from sodiumthiosulphate is the sodium salt of a sulphur-polythionate complex,and that there is a definite equilibrium in the sol between the poly-thionate which is free and that which is bound, ie., attached to thecomplex.As the sol ages, more and more polythionate becomesfree. The behaviour of the sol towards coagulants is quantitativelydetermined by the amount of bound p0lythionate.~6Selenium dioxide combines directly with hydrogen chloride orM. Guillot, J. Chirn. physique, 1931, 28, 92; A., 697.F. Foerster and F. Bottcher, 2. physikal. Chem., 1930, 151, 321; A.,J. Meyer and (Frl.) M. Aulich, 2. unorg. Chern., 1930,194,278; A., 1931,1931, 178.178.91 W. Jander and H. Frey, ibid., 1931,196, 321 ; A., 447.O2 F. Reymond, J . Chirn. physique, 1931,28,409; A., 1255.O3 (Mlle.) A.Korvezee and F. E. C . Scheffer, Rec. trav. chim., 1931, 50, 256;94 B. S. Rao andM. R. A. Rao, Nature, 1931,128,413; A., 1134.95 T. M. Lowry and G. Jessop, J., 1931, 323; A., 438.96 H. Bassett and R. G. Durrant, ibid., p. 2919.A., 58358 BASSETT :bromide.g7 A number of complex selenocyanammines have beenpre~ared.~s Several papers have been published which deal withthe passivity of chromium.99A large number of very complex ammines of tervalent molybdenumhave been described,l and so have complex cyanides and thio-cyanates of quadrivalent molybdenum and complex oxalates andhydroxylamine * derivatives of sexavalent molybdenum. A numberof complex molybdenum sulphates have also been investigated.5Molybdenum-blue is considered to be M00,,4MoO,,xH~0.~Several oxy-salts (permolybdates) result from the action of hydrogenperoxide upon ammonium molybdate.7 The precipitates formedby the interaction of sodium molybdates with various metal saltsmay consist of normal molybdate, basic molybdate, molybdic acid,or various mixtures, according to circumstances.8 All the pre-cipitates obtained by means of sodium tungstates are essentiallybasic in nature.9 5Na,0,12W03,28H,0 was obtained by the actionof formic acid upon sodium tungstate. Similar potassium andbarium salts were also prepared.10 Apparently W,O, does notexist, and only WO, and W,Oll of the lower oxides of tungsten arestable. l1 Several complex quinquevalent molybdenum salts ofpreviously known types have been recorded.12Group V I I .Improvements in detail of some importance in the preparation ofA number of the physical constantsO 7 T.W. Parker and P. L. Robinson, J., 1931, 1314; A., 923.O 8 G. Spacu and C. G. Macarovici, Bul. SOC. Stiinte Cluj, 1930, 5, 169;Chem. Zentr., 1930, ii, 708; A., 1931, 183.O9 E. Miiller and 0. Essin, 2. Elektrochem., 1930, 36, 963 ; E. Miilk and K.Schwabe, ibid., 1931, 37, 185; W. J. Miiller, ibid., p. 328; A., 1931, 173, 571,915.A. Rosenhehn, G. Abel, and R. Levy, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931,197,189; A.,697.G. A. Barbieri, Atti R. Accad. Lincei, 1930, [vi], 12,55; 13, 376; A., 183,1255.H. M. Spittle and W. Wardlaw, J . , 1931, 1748; A., 1035.W. F. Jak6b and B. Jezowska, Rocz. Chem., 1931,11, 229; A., 923.F. H. Nicholls, H. Saenger, and W.Wardlaw, J., 1931, 1443; A., 923.C. R. ZinzadzB, Bull. SOC. chim., 1931, [iv], 49,872; A., 1021. ' V. Caglioti, Gazzetta, 1931, 61, 257; A., 923.* H. T. S. Britton and W. L. German, J . , 1931, 1429; A., 911.lo R. H. Vallance, ibid., p. 1421 ; A., 923.11 E. Tarjh, Naturwiss., 1931, 19, 166; A., 447; J. A. M. van Liempt,l2 A. Paulssen von Beck, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931,196, 85 ; A., 447.l3 L. M. Dennis, J. M. Veeder, and E. G. Rochow, J . Amer. Chem. Soc., 1931,fluorine have been recorded.13Idem, ibid., p. 709; A., 697.Rec. trav. chirn., 1931, 50, 343; A., 583.53, 3263; A., 1248INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 59of fluorine monoxide have been measured, as well as its chemicalbehaviour towards numerous elements and compounds. It iswithout action on dry glass and is non-explosive, but, physiologically,it is more dangerous than fluorine.14A rapid and economical method of preparing large quantities ofiodine trichloride 15 has been described, and a number of newpolyhalides have been prepared.16 Solubilities and dissociationpressures of many of the latter have been measured, and it has beenshown that stability of the anion is favoured by symmetry and bythe presence of one, but not more than one, iodine atom.17 Isobarsof the thermal decomposition of iodic acid show that H1308 is formedat 70" and 120, a t 200".When heated in air, 120, begins todecompose a t 275O.18Observations made on the transformation of pink manganesesulphide into the green form do not altogether agree with thosereported last year.l9 A phosphate of tervalent manganese,NH4H,Mn1rI(P04)2, has been recorded.20 Conflicting views havebeen put forward as to the existence of definite hydrates ofmanganese dioxide.21There has been great activity in connexion with rhenium sincepotassium per-rhenate became available commercially.22 Much ofthe arc spectrum of rhenium has been ma~ped,~3 and many physicalconstants of the metal have been measured.The melting point ofrhenium is very high, being 3440" 50" Abs.= The fusion diagramof the system tungsten-rhenium has been examined.25 Much workl4 0. Ruff and W. Menzel, Z . anorg. Chem., 1931,198,39; A . , 810.l5 E. C. Truesdale and F. C. Beyer, J. Amer. Chem. SOC., 1931,53,164; A.,l6 H. W. Cremer and D. R. Duncan, J., 1931, 1857; A ., 1022.l7 Idem, ibid., p. 2243 ; A., 1236.l8 E. Moles and A. Perez-Vitoria, Z . physikal. Chem., Bodenstein Festband,lo Ann. Reports, 1930,27, 73 ; H. B. Weiser and W. 0. Milligan, J. Physical2o A. Yakimach, Compt. rend., 1931,192, 1652; A., 1022.21 A. Simon and F. Feher, KoZZoid-Z., 1931, 54, 49; A., 306; W. Biltz and0. Rahlfs, Nach. Ges. Wiss. Gcittingen, 1930, 189; Chem. Zentr., 1931, i, 46;A., 683.324.1931, 583 ; A., 1225.Chem., 1931,35,2330; A., 1140.22 Ann. Reports, 1930,27, 73.H. Schober and J. Birke, Naturwiss., 1931,19,211; A . , 404; W. Meidinger,2. Physik, 1931,68, 331; A., 540; W. F. Meggers, BUT. Stand. J . Res., 1931,6, 1027; A., 993.24 C. Agte, H. Alterthum, K. Becker, G. Heyne, and K. Moers, Naturwiss.,1931, 19, 108; 2.anorg. Chem., 1931, 196, 129; A., 288, 448; K. Moeller,Naturwiss., 1931, 19, 575; A., 1001.25 K. Becker and K. Moers, Metallwirt., 1930, 9, 1063; Chem. Zeniir.,1931, i, 750; A., 67660 BASSETT :on the analytical chemistry of the element has been published duringthe past year 26 and summaries of its chemistry and geochemistryhave appeared.27Rhenium tetrachloride and a number of rhenichlorides have beenprepared.28 Black ReOz and purplish-red Re20, can be obtainedby suitable reduction methods from per-rhenic acid.29 Copper,nickel, and cobalt per-rhenates and various ammines of thesecompounds have been de~cribed.~~ Re,S, is precipitated fromaqueous solutions of potassium per-rhenate by either hydrogensulphide or sodium thiosulphate.On heating it yields ReS,. Thecorresponding selenides were also prepared.31 Thio-derivatives ofper-rhenic acid have been recorded,32 but it is doubtful whether theyreally e ~ i s t . ~ 3 Densities of solutions of per-rhenic acid have beenmeasured34 and so has the heat of formation of ReS2.35Group YIII.The behaviour on heating of hydrated ferrous and ferric oxideshas been described,36 and also the reduction by hydrogen of ferricoxide.37 Crystalline Fe203,4H,0 has been obtained by slowhydrolysis of a boiling dilute solution of ferric ethoxide in absoluteA number of reactions of the iron carbonyls have been described,including the formation of Fe(CO),H2, which is a volatile yellow oil,by the action of bases on iron pentacarb~nyl.~~ Further experi-ments with iron nitrosyls are described which are considered to26 C.Agte et al., 2. anorg. Chem., 1931, 196, 129; A., 448; F. Krauss andH. Steinfeld, ibid., 197, 52; A . , 589; W. Geihann, F. Weibke, F. W. Wrigge,and K. Briinger, ibid., 195, 289; 199, 65, 77, 120, 347; A., 328, 1025, 1143.27 I. and W. Noddack, 2. angew. Chem., 1931, 44, 215; 2. physikal. Chem.,1931, 154, 207 ; A., 583, 707.28 E. Enk, Ber., 1931,64, [ B ] , 791 ; A., 810; H. V. A. Briscoe, P. L. Robin-son, and E. M. Stoddart, J., 1931,2263 ; A . , 1255.z9 Idem, ibid., p. 666; A . , 584; H. V. A. Briscoe, P. L. Robinson, and A. J.Rudge, ibid., p. 3087.30 Idem, ibid., p. 2211; A., 1139.31 H. V. A. Briscoe, P. L. Robinson, and E. M. Stoddart, ibid., p. 1439; A .,32 W. Feit, 2. angew. Chem., 1931, 44, 6 5 ; 2. anorg. Chew&., 1031, 199, 263;33 H. V. A. Briscoe, P. L. Robinson, and E. M. Stoddart, J., 1931,2976.35 I. R. Juza and W. Biltz, 2. Elektrochem., 1931, 37, 498; A . , 1128.36 G. F. Huttig and H. Moldner, Z. anorg. Chern., 1931,196, 177; A , , 432;37 E. J. Rode, ibid., p. 1453; A., 1931, 53.38 R. A. Thiessen and R. Koppen, Z. anorg. Chem., 1931, 200, 18; A . , 1255.39 W. Hieber and F. Leutert, Naturwiss., 1931,19, 360; A . , 810; W. Hieberalcoh01.38924.A . , 924, 1255.W. Feit, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931,199,271; A., 1223.E. J. Rode, J . Russ. Phys. Chem. SOC., 1930,62, 1443; A . , 1931, 53.and H. Vetter, Ber., 1931, 64, [B], 2340; A . 1266INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 61oppose the view that certain of them-such as Fe(S*CS*OEt),(NO),-contain univalent iron.40 The red colour of the alkali ferrithio-cyanates and of ferric thiocyanate itself is attributed to the ionFe(CNS),”’ and the molecular weight of ferric thiocyanate in benzeneand ether is found to correspond with the formula Fe[Fe(CNS)6].41Ilmenite and ferrous orthotitanate have been prepared by heatingtogether at 900” suitable mixtures of titanium dioxide and ferrousoxalate.Ferric orthotitanate was similarly prepared, the indi-viduality of the three compounds being confirmed by an X-rayanalysis.42Persulphatopentamminocobaltic sulphate, formulated as[CO(SO~)~(NH~)~](SO~)II,H~O, has been prepared, and the conclusionhas been drawn that persulphuric acid is HSO, and not H2S,08.43Several t e t ramminoco baltic complexes containing t hiosulphate aresaid to have been 0btained.~4Various nickel dimethylglyoxime salts and related compoundshave been prepared in an endeavour to find an explanation of thedifferent behaviour of bivalent cobalt, nickel, and copper towardsdimethylglyoxime.The main difference is attributed to thetendency of nickel t o remain co-ordinatively quadrivalent whilecobalt tends to be co-ordinatively sexavalent .45A number of tris-ad-dipyridyl nickelous salts have been prepared,and the resolution of the chloride has been effected with the helpof ammonium &tartrate,. The active forms are rapidly racemisedin aqueous s0lutions.~6 The effect of the temperature to which ithas been heated on the solubility of nickel oxide in sulphuric acidhas been examined in connexion with the extraction of copper oxidefrom roasted nickel-copperThe arsenides RuAs2, RhAs,, PdAs,, IrAs2, and PtAs, were pre-pared by heating a mixture of the chloride with excess of arsenicin a current of hydrogen.48A number of complex derivatives of tervalent ruthenium 49 and4O H. Reihlen, E.Elben, and J. Everet, Annalen, 1931, 485, 43; A . , 449.41 H. I. Schlesinger and H. B. Van Valkenburgh, J . Amer. Chem. SOC., 1931,42 B. Pesce, Gazzetta, 1931, 61, 107; A., 584.43 C . Duval and (Mme.) Duval, Compt. rend., 1930, 191, 843; A., 1931, 53.44 P. B. Sarkar and T. Das-Gupta, J. Indian Chem. Soc., 1930, 7, 835; A.,4 5 E. Thilu and H. Heilborn, Ber., 1931,64, [ B ] , 1441 ; A., 938.46 G.T. Morgan and F. H. Burstall, Nature, 1931,127, 854; J., 1931, 2213;47 M. Prasad and M. G. Tendulkar, J., 1931, 1403, 1407; A., 924.4 8 L. Wohler and R. F. A. Ewald, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931,199, 5 7 ; A., 1022.4s R. Charonnat, Compt. rend., 1930,191, 1453; A., 1931, 184; Ann. Chirrz.,53, 1212; A., 670.1931, 184.A . , 895, 1168.1931, [XI, 16, 6 ; A., 126662 BASSETT :rhodium 50 have been reported in all of which the ruthenium andrhodium have a co-ordination number of six. The action of variousoxidising agents on OsS, has been examined.51 The optical activitiesof a number of tetrammine salts of bivalent platinum and palladiumshow that the four linkings cannot lie in a plane.52 On the otherhand, Werner’s views as to the structures of the two forms ofPt(NH3),C12 are supposed to be confirmed by the behaviour of thetwo compounds with oxalic acid.53By the interaction of very dilute solutions of disodium hydrogenphosphate and ammonium chloroplatinate a t room temperature, thecompoundsare formed.This has some bearing on the accurate analysis of sometypes of silicates, for there is a possibility of the above platinumcompounds, formed from platinum dissolved from the apparatus,being precipitated with magnesium ammonium phosphate.%Definite equilibria of the type, PtBr,” + 6C1’ Z PtC16” +6Br’,exist and light accelerates attainment of equilibrium in aqueoussolution. The concentration of chloride ion must be 660 times thatof bromide ion for the equilibrium to be shifted 99% from left toright, while the concentration of bromide ion must be 25 x lo3that of iodide ion to cause a like shift in the reaction PtI,” + 6Br‘PtBr,” + 61’.These figures indicate the relative order inwhich the halogen ions tend to co-ordinate with platin~m.~5[Pt(NH,),C1(NH,)](H2P04), and [Pt(NH3)4C1(NH,)](H2PO,)OHSystems and Equilibria.Co-Cr s6; Cr203-SiO, 5 7 ; NaI + KCl --j KI + NaCl 5 8 ;NaN03-Na2S04-MgC12-H20 59 ; strontium amalgams ; Fe-P-G. A. Barbieri, Atti R. Accad. Lincei, 1931, [vi], 13, 433; A., 1141.Si 61 , - Th(NO,),-Et,O-H,O 62 ; U02(N03)2-Et20-H20 63 ; Li20-51 E. Fritzmann and E. M. Zuhn, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931,199,374; A., 1141.52 H. Reihlen and W. Hub, Naturwiss., 1931,19,442; Annalen, 1931, 489,53 A. A. Griinberg, Helv. Chim.Acta, 1931, 14, 455; A . , 698.54 B. E. Dixon, J., 1931, 2306; A . , 1256.6 5 H. I. Schlesinger and R. E. Palmateer, J. Amer. Chem. SOC., 1930, 52,5 G F. Wever and U. Haschimoto, Mitt. Kaiser- Wilh. Inst. Eisenforsch., 1929,5 7 E. N. Bunting, Bur. Stand. J . Res., 1930, 5, 325; A., 1931, 41.6 8 N. M. Waksberg, J. Rum. Phys. Chem. SOC., 1930,62, 1259; A., 1931,41.69 G. Leimbach, Caliche, 1929-30, 11, 340, 386, 428; A., 1931, 41.6 o G. Devoto and E. Recchia, Qazzetta, 1930, 60, 688; A., 158.61 W. Hummitzsch and F. Sauerwald, 2. anwg. Chem., 1930,194, 113; A.,62 P. Misciattelli, Gazzetta, 1930, 60, 533; A . , 1931, 159.63 Idem, &id., p. 839; A , , 1931, 160.42; A., 924, 1167.4316; A., 1931,54.11, 293 ; A., 1931, 41.1931, 158INORGANIC CHEMISTRY.63SiO,64 ; HgCl,(HgBr,)-HgS0,65 ; carbides of high m. p.'? Na,SiO,-Fe,O,-SiO, 67 ; [Co(NH,),Cl]Cl, + 2HBr t [CO(NH,)SC~IB~, 4-2HC168 ; Li-Cu 69 ; Bi-Se 70 ; .Al-Mn ; CU-Mn ; F e M n 71 ;CaO-Si0,-H,O 72 ; MgO-FeO-Fe,O, 73 ; KNO,-Ca(NO,),-H,O 74 ;(NH,),S 0,-MnS0,-H,O, T1,SO4-MnS O,-H,O, Rb,S 04-~so4-H,O 75 ; Ba(CNS),-NaCNS-H,O and Ba(CNS),-KCNS-H,O 76 ;Fe-GSi 77 ; Li-Ag 78 ; I,-H,O 79 ; Zr0,-Be0 ; KN03-Ca(NO,), 8 l ; RbN03-RbC182 ; NaHC0,-Na,SO,-H,O a3 ; Cd-Ag 84 ; NaN03-NaI03-H,0 s5 ; Mg(I0,)2-Mg(N0,)2-H20 86 ;Ag,SO, + Tl,Cl, S Tl,SO, + Ag2C1287 ; W-Re s8; CoC1,-Co(NO,),-H,O 89 ; (CH,) 6N4-MgC12(CaC1,)-H,0 ; KmS-Hg(CNS),-H,O 91; MgSO, + 2KNO, Mg(NO,), + K,S0,91a;64 F. C. Kracek, J . Physical Chem., 1930,34,2641; A., 1931, 169.~ 3 5 M.Pai6, Compt. rend., 1930,191, 1337; A., 1931, 169.66 C. Agte and H. Alterthum, 2. tech. Physik, 1930,11, 182; A., 1931, 170.67 N. L. Bowen, J. E. Schairer, and H. W. V. Willems, Amer. J . Sci., 1930,68 A. Benrath and H. Pitzler, 2. anorg. Chem., 1930,194,358 ; A., 1931, 170.69 S. Pastorello, Gazzetta, 1930,60, 988; A., 1931, 296.7 O N. Parravano and V. Caglioti, ibid., p. 923 ; A., 1931, 296.71 T. Ishiwara, Sci. Rep. TGhoku Imp. Univ., 1930,19, 499; A,, 1931, 296.7 2 A. Vigfusson, Amer. J . Sci., 1931, [v], 21, 67; A., 310.'3 H. S. Roberts and H. E. Merwin, ibid., p. 145; A., 310.74 M. A. Hamid and R. Das, J . Indian Chem. SOC., 1930, 7, 881; A., 1931,7 5 A. Benrath, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931, 195,'247; A., 310.7 8 V.J. Occleshaw, J., 1931, 65; A., 310.7 7 A.7 8 S. Pastorello, Gazzetta, 1931, 61,47; A., 418.7 9 F. C. Kracek, J. Physical Chem., 1931, 35,417 ; A., 418.[v], 20, 405; A., 1931, 170.310.and F. Pobogil, Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., 1931, 3, 61; A., 418.0. Ruff, I?. Ebert, and H. von Wartenberg, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931, 196,A. P. Rostkovski, J. Russ. Phys. Chem. SOC., 1930, 62, 2055; A., 1931,335 ; A., 431.431.82 Idem, ibid., p. 2067; A., 1931, 432.83 S. 2. Makarov and N. M. Waksberg, ibid., p. 1863; A., 1931, 432.84 P. J. Durrant, Inst. Metals, Mar. 1931; A., 556.s5 E. Cornec and A. Spack, Bull. SOC. chim., 1931, [iv], 49, 582; A,, 800;86 A. E. Hill and S. Moskowitz, ibid., p. 941 ; A., 568.s7 S. I. Sokolov, J . Russ. Phys. Chem. SOC., 1930, 62, 2329; A., 1931,K.Becker and K. Moers, Metallwirt., 1930, 9, 1063; Chem. Zentr.,A. E. Hill and J. E. Donovan, J . Amer. Chem. SOC., 1931, 53, 934; A., 568.668.1931, i, 750; A., 1931, 676.89 V. Cuvelier, Natuurwetensch. Tijds., 1931, 13, 75; A., 684.Dl C. W. Mason and W. D. Forgeng, J. Physical Chem., 1931, 35, 1123 ; A .,O l a A. Benrath and A. Sichelschmidt, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931,197, 113; A.,V. Evrard, ibid., p. 105; A., 684.684.68564 BASSETT :LiBr03-H20 O2 ; SO,-NH,I (or alkali iodide) 93 ; PbO-H,O 94 ;Fe,03-CuO-S03 95 ; Cu-Sn 96 ; Ca-Na 97 ; SrC1,-FeCl,, SrC1,-CoCI,,ZnCl,-FeCl,, ZnCl,-CoCl, 98 ; Li,Br,-MgBr, 99 ; BaS0,-H,S04-H,O ; Al,03-Cr203-Mg0 ; K,SO4--H2SO4-H2O 3 ; Na,S04-Na,Cr,O,-H,O ; K,SO,-K,Cr,O,-H,O ; NaNO,(KNO,)-NaNO,(KNO,)-H,O ; NaNO,(KNO,)-NaCl(KC1)-H,O 6 ;Na,Cr,O,-NH,Cl-H,O ; Fe-S-C ; Fe-N ; Fe-G-V 10 ; AI-Ag 11 ;Cr-C l2 ; Cr,03-A1,0, l3 ; CaO-Fe20, l4 ; Pb1,-AgI 15 ; ZnO-HN0,-H,O l6 ; PbO-N,05-H,0 l7 ; K,O-CaO-SiO, l 8 ; K2S04-MgS04--NaC1-H,0 l9 ; Alsi 2O ; Ca-Bi 21 ; Fe-GW 22 ; Ag,O-B2 J.P. Simmons and W. F. Waldeck, J . Amer. Chem. SOC., 1031, 53, 1725;O3 H. W. Foote and J. Fleischer, ibid., p. 1752; A., 799.Q p G. F. Huttig and B. Steiner, 2. unorg. Chem., 1931,197, 257; A., 799.O 5 G. Tunell and E. Posnjak, J . Physical Chem., 1931, 35, 929; A., 800.O6 M. Hamasumi and 5. Nishigori, J . Study Met., 1930, 7, 535; A., 900.O 7 E. Rinck, Compt. rend., 1931,192,1378; A., 900.O a A. Ferrari and A. Inganni, Atti R. Accad. Lincei, 1930, [vi], 12, 668 ; A.,O9 A.Ferrari and C. Colla, ibid., 1931, [vi], 13, 78; A., 901.A., 799.1931, 901.N. R. Trenner and H. A. Taylor, J . Physical Chem., 1931, 35, 1336; A.,K. J. A. Bonthron and R. Durrer, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931, 198, 141; A.,A. V. Babaeva, Trans. Inst. Pure Chem. Reag., 1931,11, 114; A., 911.A. V. Rakovski and E. A. Nikitina, ibid., p. 5; A., 911.ti A. V. Rakovaki and A. V. Babaeva, ibid., p. 15; A., 912.6 A.V.RakovskiandD.S.Slavina,ibid.,p.20; A.,912.7 J. Gerasimov, ibid., p. 34; A., 912.R. Vogel and G. Ritzau, Arch. Eisenhuttenw., 1930-1, 4, 549; Stahl u.901.911.Eisen, 1931, 51, 793; B., 1931, 807.0 W. Koster, ibid., pp. 537, 740; B., 807.10 R. Vogel and E. Martin, ibid., pp. 487,715; B., 807; H. Hougardy, ibid.,pp. 497, 592 ; B., 808; M.8ya, Sci. Rep. T6hoku Imp. Uniw., 1930, 19, 449 ;A., 1931, 297.11 E. Crepaz, Atti I I I . Cong. Nax. Chim., 1929, 371; Chem. Zentr., 1931, i,2158; A., 1931, 1005; T . P. Hoar and R. K. Rowntree, Inst. Metals, Mar.1931 ; A,, 556.12 K. Hatsuta, J . Study Met., 1931, 8, 81 ; A., 1005.13 E. N. Bunting, Bur. Stand. J . Res., 1931, 6, 946; A., 1010.14 J. Konarzewski, Rocz. Chem., 1931, 11, 516; A., 1010.l5 F. E. E. Germann and C. F. Metz, J . Physical Chem., 1931,35, 1944; A.,16 H. G. Denham and D. A. Dick, J., 1931, 1753; A., 1011.17 H, G. Denham and J. 0. Kidson, ibid., p. 1757; A., 1011.18 G. W. Morey, F. C. Kracek, and N. L. Bowen, J . SOC. Glass Tech., 1931,l9 D. Langauer, Rocz. Chem., 1931,11, 477; A., 1011.20 V. Fuss., 2. Metallk., 1931, 23, 231 ; B., 929.21 E. Kurzyniec, Bull. Acad. Polonaise, 1931, [A], 31; A., 1118.1010.15, 57'11; A., 1011INORGAXIG CHEMISTRY. 65H2023 ; KRe0,-H,024 ; AgN0,-Ca(N0,)2[Ba(N0,)2] 25 ; CU(C~O~)~-H20 and CU(C~O~),-HC~O~-H~O~~ ; Cr-Fe 27 ; F e S n 28 ; Al-Cr 29 ;Ag-Bi(Sb or As) 30 ; Au-Sb, Ag-Sn31; Cu-Mg 32 ; FeO-MnO ; MnS-MnO ; MnS-MnSiO, ; MnS-Fe,Si0433 ; C O C ~ , - Z ~ C ~ , ~ ~ ; Li,S04-AI2(SO4),-H,O S5 ; A~-CU,O.~~H. BASSETT.22 S. Takeda, Tech. Rep. Tdhoku Imp. Univ., 1931,10,42; A., 1118.23 R. P. P. Mathur and N. R. Dhar, 2. a w g . Chem., 1931, 199, 387; A.,24 N. A. Pushin and D. KovaE, 2. anorg. Chem., 1931,199,369; A., 1119.25 A. P. Palkin, Bull. Univ. Asie centrale, 1929,18, 77; A., 1931, 1128.28 C. Smeets, Natuurwetensch. Tijds., 1931, 13, 247; A,, 1128.27 F. Adcock, G. D. Preston, and C. E. Webb, Iron and Steel Inst., Sept.28 C. A. Edwards and A. Preece, ibid. ; B., 1053.29 M. Goto and G. Dogane, Nippon Kogyokwaishi, 1927, No. 512, 931 ; A.,30 S. J. Broderick and W. F. Ehret, J. Physical Chem., 1931, 35, 2627; A.,31 0. Nial, A. Almin, and A. Westgren, 2. physikal. Chem., 1931, [B], 14,81;a2 W. R. D. Jones, Inst. Metals, Sept. 1931 ; Advance copy; A., 1224.33 J. H. Andrew, W. R. Maddocks, D. Howat, and E. A. Fowler, Iron and34 H. Bassett and W. L. Bedwell, J., 1931, 2479; A., 1235.8s J. P. Sanders and J. T. Dobbins, J. Physical Chem., 1931, 35, 3086; A.,86 J. A. A. Leroux and K. W. Frohlich, 2. Metallk., 1931, 23, 250 ; A., 1235.11 19.1931, Advance copy; B., 1013.1931, 1223.1223.A., 1223.Steel Inst., Sept. 1931; Advance copy, 1, 13; A., 1235.1235.REP. -VOL . XXTTU.