Abstract1,4‐benzodiazepines (BDZs) are known to induce mild but consistent dysmnesia in several animal models and in humans, whereas the 1,5‐BDZ clobazam is claimed to be devoid of this adverse effect. Systematic animal studies comparing 1,5‐ to 1,4‐BDZs in this field are lacking. The “threshold” conditioned escape response (t‐CER) in the Wistar rat, a recently described learning and memory model, is known to discriminate between 1,5‐ and 1,4‐ BDZs. In this model it has been shown that: all 1,4‐BDZs studied induce a definite dysmnesia (retention and/or acquisition impairments and, with the exception of diazepam, retrieval impairment); 1,4‐BDZ dysmnesia is not due to an eventual state‐dependency learning; many other psychotropic drugs, in usual doses, do not impair t‐CER performances; 1,5‐ BDZs (clobazam and triflubazam) do not interfere, even in high do