Some consequences of net regional mobility for the male labor force aged 30–37 in 1964 are reported. The relationship of academic achievement (measured by the Armed Forces Qualification Test) and the probability of regional or intraregional migration, by race and region of origin, is measured. The form of this relationship varies by race and region of origin. The likely effect of military service on post-service geographic mobility also varies by race, region of origin and ability group. Comparisons of mean achievement and years of schooling for migrants and nonmigrants test the “selection” hypothesis. The effect of geographic mobility on earnings is estimated from earnings differences by mobility status, after controlling for age, sex, race, region of employment, education and academic achievement.