The evolution of an indigenous agroforestry system currently practiced by the Garo community of Bangladesh is described. Changes in land tenure and market economics have been responsible for changes in Garo land use systems. The Garo agroforestry system incorporates tree crops for shade, weed growth suppression, and ecological sustainability, while incorporating agricultural crops and pineapple for economic return. The present system is socially desirable and economically profitable, but unresolved land tenure issues leave long‐term sustainability in question.