Sixty-two women were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive one of two antibiotic regimens for the treatment of clinically diagnosed pelvic inflammatory disease. Thirty of .31 patients (96.8%) receiving a combination of cefoxitin with doxycycline and 28 of 31 (90.3%) receiving a combination of clindamycin with amikacin responded to therapy (P = not significant).Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea,or both were isolated from 13.3, 7.0, and 4.8% of patients, respectively. Of the four patients not responding to therapy, all had inflammatory complexes. Cefoxitin/doxycycline and clindamycin/amikacin are both effective in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease.