Prophylactic vaccines against the arenavirus infection causing haemorrhagic fever are currently undergoing preclinical to phase III development trials.Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine and the Changchum Institute of Biological Products (China) are pursuing phase I clinical development of a bivalent inactivated golden hamster kidney cell culture vaccine against haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. This vaccine is also in phase I trials in Japan and North Korea and in phase III trials in South Korea.A live attenuated virus vaccine against Argentine haemorrhagic fever (Junin strain) appears to be undergoing phase I investigation at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USA) and at the Istituto Nacional de Estudios sobre Virosis Hemorragicas (Argentina).Preclinical studies of Oxford Virology's chimeric vaccine against haemorrhagic fever were being conducted at the University of Ottawa (Canada). However, no recent development has been reported.