Although experience with endourologic techniques in infants and children has lagged behind that of adults, the development of new purpose-designed instruments for use in small children has now allowed for some significant advances. Certainly, more noteworthy advances have been recorded in the laparoscopic literature with a wide number of procedures having been accomplished via laparoscopic techniques. Laparoscopic orchidopexy has emerged in many people's minds as a credible procedure, and there is increasing interest particularly in the USA among the pediatric urologic community and pediatric surgical community. The other significant advances deal with injectables. Now that collagen appears to be a safe, although perhaps not the optimal, injectable, there is increasing interest in the use of that substance for the correction of vesicoureteral reflux and incontinence owing to internal sphincter dysfunction. The use of endourology for valves has not changed much. There is some new instrumentation that may be significantly better. Likewise, incision of ureterocele is being accomplished with some enthusiasm at some centers, and doubt exists at other centers.