&NA;A patient with familial adenomatous polyposis was treated with colectomy, mucosal proctectomy, and a straight ileoanal anastomosis in 1962. Thirteen to 21 years later recurrent adenomas developed at the ileoanal anastomosis, and 25 years after the operation multiple adenomas were found in the terminal ileum up to 12 cm from the ileoanal anastomosis. It is concluded that colectomy and mucosal procectomy, with or without an ileoanal reservoir, does not eliminate the future risk of adenoma formation. Thus, this method should be used only in selected polyposis patients