SUMMARYIn a field experiment with soil compaction by tractor traffic on a loam soil, the denitrification rate (using the C2H2inhibition method), the soil structure, and the wheat yield were investigated. Tractor traffic on wet soil (>– 50 mbar matric potential) reduced the pore volume, doubled the percentage of large aggregates (>20 mm), reduced the wheat yield by about 25%, and increased the N‐loss through denitrification by a factor of 3–4. Neither of these parameters were affected by tractor traffic at low soil moisture content. The weight of the tractor (1800 kgvs4800 kg) did not significantly alter the effect of compaction on the measured parameters. There was a factor of 2–6 between the measured denitrification rate in compacted and that in uncompacted soil, and this factor showed little dependence on the average activity level on each date of measurement. Accumulated values for the measured denitrification during 75 days (May 23‐August 9) were 3–5 kg N ha–1in uncompacted soil and 15–20 kg N ha–1in soil which was compacted