3iecueefons of tbe $arabap 5ocietp No. 5, 1949 CRYSTAL GROWTH GURNEY AND JACKSON LONDON: 98 GREAT RUSSELL STREET EDINBURGH : TWEEDDALE COURTTits Faraday Society reserves the Copyright qf aLt Communications published in the '' Discussions '* P R I N T E D I N E N G L A N D B Y H A Z E L L , W A T S O N & V I N E Y , L T D L O N D O N A N D A Y L E S B U R YA GENERAL DISCUSSION ON CRYSTAL GROWTH 12th - 14th April, 1949 A GENERAL DISCUSSION on Crystal Growth was held in the Department of Physics, Bristol University (by kind permission of the Vice-Chancellor) on the rzth, 13th and 14th April, 1949. The President, Prof. Sir John Lennard-Jones, K.B.E., F.R.S., was in the Chair and over 300 members and visitors were present. Among the distinguished overseas members and guests welcomed by the President were the following :- Prof.R. Becker (Gottingen), Dr. G. Berkhoff (Geleen, Netherlands), Dr. H. de Bruijn (Geleen, Netherlands), Prof. C. Correns (Gottingen), Dr. P. H. Egli (Washington, D.C.), Dr. P. Franzen (Delft), Dr. W. Gaade (Amsterdam), Mr. I. J. Haven (Eindhoven), Prof. R. Hocart (Strasbourg), Ir. Th. J. J. Hoek (Geleen, Netherlands), Dr. A. N. Holden (Murray Hill, N.J.), Prof. A. Juliard (Brussels), Dr. D. W. van Krevelen (Geleen, Netherlands), Dr. W. C. McCrone (Chicago), Ir. W. May (Delft), Mr. W. M. Mazee (Overleen, Netherlands), hflle. M. Michel-L&vy (Paris), Dr. S. 0. Morgan (Murray Hill, N.J.), Dr. M. H. R. Plusj6 (Geleen, Netherlands), Dr. and Mrs. A. H. Spong (Cape Town), Dr. E. W. R. Steacie (Ottawa), Prof. D.C. Stockbarger (Cambridge, Mass.), Prof. I. N. Stranski (Berlin), Dr. C. E. Sunderlin (U.S. Navy, London), Ir. E. Sweep (Amsterdam), Miss M. G. Ter Horst (Leeuwarden, Netherlands), Mr. R. S. Titchen (Paris), Mr. H. P. J. Wijn (Eindhoven), Dr. J. Willems (Krefeld) and Dr. S. Zerfoss (Washington, D .C .) . 3Cottten ti3 PAGE General Introduction . General Introduction on Crystal Growth. By W. E. Garner . I. Theory of Crystal Growth Introductory Paper.-By N. F. Mott Forms of Equilibrium of Crystals. By I. N. Stranski . Surface Structures of Ionic Crystals. Crystal Growth and Surface Structure- . By K. MoliGre, W. Rathje and I. N. Stranski . Part I. Part 11. By W. K. Burton and N. Cabrera . By N. Cabrera and W. K. Burton . The Influence of Dislocations on Crystal Growth.. Kinetics of the Formation of Nuclei and Statistical Theory of General Principles of Crystal Growth. By Paul H. Egli and S. Zerfoss GENERAL Drscuss1oN.-Dr. F. C. Frank, Dr. S. P. F. Humphreys- Owen, Prof. I. N. Stranski, Dr. H. K. Hardy, Mr. W. K. Burton and Dr. N. Cabrera, Mr. R. S. Bradley, Dr. J. L. Amords, Dr. C. W. Bunn, Dr. U. R. Evans . By F. C. Frank Condensation. By R. Becker . 11. Nucleation and Normal Growth Introdzcctory Paper.-By W. J. Dunning Kinetics of Crystallization in Solution- Kinetics of Crystallization- The Precipitation of Silver Chloride from Aqueous Solutions- By C. W. Davies and A. L. Jones Nucleation and Growth in Sucrose Solutions. By Andrew Van . The Relative Rates of Growth of Strained and Unstrained Ammonium Crystal Growth from Solution- Layer Formation on Crystal Faces.H. Emmett . Crystals. By C. W. Bunn . . Part I. Part 11. Part I. Hook and Arthur J. Bruno Nitrate Crystals. By s. H. Bransom, W. J. Dunning and B. Millard. . By s. H. Bransom and W. J. Dunning. . . By S. Fordham . I. By C. W. Bunn and 11. Concentration Gradients and the Rates of Growth of 4 3 7 11 13 21 33 40 48 55 61 66 79 83 96 103 112 117 119 132CONTENTS 5 PAGE The Growth of Individual Faces of Cubic Sodium Chlorate Crystals The Linear Velocity of Polymorphic Transformations. By N. H. Boundary Migration and Grain Growth. By Walter C. McCrone . 158 Crystal Growth at High Temperatures. By S. Zerfoss, L. R. Johnson and P. H. Egli. . . 166 Some Aspects of the Growth of Quartz Crystals. By A. C. Swinnerton, G.E. Owen and J. F. Corwin . . 172 The Role of Diffusion Potentials in the Growth of Ionic Crystals. By A. R. Ubbelohde . . 180 from Aqueous Solution. By S. P. F. Humphreys-Owen . ' I44 Hartshorne . I49 GENERAL DIscussIoN.-Dr. M. H. R. J. Plusje, Dr. W. J. Dunning, Mr. W. K. Burton and Dr. N. Cabrera, Dr. R. F. Strickland- Constable, Dr. S. Fordham, Dr. F. C. Frank, Prof. W. E. Garner, Dr. K. G. Denbigh, Dr. W. A. Wooster, Dr. D. R. Hale, Prof. A. Juliard, Mr. A. E. Robinson, Mr. L. J. Griffin, Prof. I. N. Stranski, Dr. C. W. Bunn, Mr. Y. Haven, Mr. E. 0. Hall, Dr. H. K. Hardy, Mr. H. E. E. Powers, Dr. A. F. Wells, Prof. A. R. Ubbelohde, Sir John Lennard- Jones. . . 183 111. Abnormal and Modified Crystal Growth Introductory Paper.-By A. F. Wells . I97 Misfitting Monolayers and Oriented Overgrowth.By J. H. van der Oriented Arrangements of Thin Aluminium Films Formed on Ionic The Influence of Foreign Ions on Crystal Growth from Solution. By Oriented Overgrowths and Stabilization at Ordinary Temperatures of the Cubic (I), Tetragonal (11) and Orthorhombic (111) Phases of Ammonium Nitrate. By Raymond Hocart and Mlle. Agn& Habit Modification in Crystals as a Result of the Introduction of The Effect of Dyes on the Crystal Habits of Some Oxy-Salts. By The Effect of Crystal Habit Modification on the Setting of Inorganic Growth and Dissolution of Crystals Under Linear Pressure. By On the Disordering of Solids by Action of Fast Massive Particles. Merwe . . 201 Substrates. By T. N. Rhodin, Jr. . 215 B. Raistrick . - 234 Mat hieu-Sicaud .. 237 Impurities During Growth. By H. E. Buckley . 243 A. Butchart and J. Whetstone. . * 254 Oxy-Salts. By J. Whetstone . . 261 Carl W. Correns . . 267 By Frederick Seitz . . 2716 CONTENTS GENERAL DIscussIoN.-Dr. J. Willems, Mr. J. H. van der Merwe, Mr. P. Woodward, Mr. P. R. Rowland, Mr. H. E. E. Powers, Prof. A. Juliard, Dr. A. F. Wells, Dr. B. Raistrick, Dr. F. C. Frank, Dr. C. W. Bunn, Dr. S. Fordham, Dr. J. Whetstone, Prof. R. J. Hocart and Dr. J. C . Monier, Dr. F. M. Lea, Prof. C. W. Correns . IV. Mineral Synthesis and Technical Aspects PAGE Intyoductoyy Paper. By Dr. F. A. Bannister . The Production of Large Artificial Fluorite Crystals. Improved Crystallization of Lithium Fluoride of Optical Quality. The Growing of Crystals.. Growing Single Crystals from Solution. The Growth of Large Crystals of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Controlled Growth Inhibition in Large-Scale Crystal Growth. By Hydrothermal Synthesis of Minerals. By Jean Wyart . The Synthesis of Crystals Produced in Gaseous Media by Detonation of Explosive Mixtures. By A. Michel-Lkvy . Factors Governing the Growth of Crystalline Silicates. By R. M. Barrer . The Hydrothermal Crystallization of Vitreosil at Constant Temperature. By G. Van Praagh . The Hydrothermal Synthesis of Quartz. By L. A. Thomas, Nora Wooster and W. A. Wooster . Problems of Crystal Growth in Building Materials. By F. M. Lea and R. W. Nurse . The Growth of Periclase Crystals and Its Importance in Basic Refractories. By E. B. Colegrave, H. M. Richardson and G. R. Rigby . By Donald C. By St ockbarger . Donald C. Stockbarger . By A. C. Menzies and J. Skinner. By A. N. Holden . and Lithium Sulphate. By A. E. Robinson . Hans Jaffe and Bengt R. F. Kjellgren . GENERAL DIscussIoN.-Mr. Y. Haven, Dr. W. Ehrenberg and Mr. J. A. Franks, Mr. P. R. Rowland, Mr. T. A. Kletz, Mr. A. E. Robinson, Dr. E. W. Fell, Dr. B. Raistrick, Prof. R. M. Barrer, Prof. W. E. Garner, Dr. G. R. Rigby, Mr. R. W. Nurse, Dr. D. R. Hale . V. Concluding Remarks Dr. C. W. Bunn, Mr. P. R. Rowland . 283 291 294 299 306 312 31.5 319 323 325 326 338 341 345 352 358 364 Author Index . . 366