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Propagation of Ultrasonic Bulk Waves in High Polymers

 

作者: Donald G. Ivey,   B. A. Mrowca,   Eugene Guth,  

 

期刊: Journal of Applied Physics  (AIP Available online 1949)
卷期: Volume 20, issue 6  

页码: 486-492

 

ISSN:0021-8979

 

年代: 1949

 

DOI:10.1063/1.1698415

 

出版商: AIP

 

数据来源: AIP

 

摘要:

The propagation of supersonic waves in bulk rubbers has been studied from 40 kc/sec. to 10 Mc/sec. and from −60°C to 60°C. The wave velocity was found to increase with decreasing temperature, leveling off both at high and low temperatures, and was found to increase slightly with frequency. Peaks in attenuation as a function of either temperature or frequency were observed, the peaks occurring at lower temperatures for lower frequencies. The peaks for butyl, a high loss rubber, are broader and higher than those for GR‐S and Hevea, which are lower loss rubbers. The results are in qualitative agreement with data obtained by strip methods at audiofrequencies. However, for bulk waves the real and imaginary parts of two elastic constants, the bulk and shear moduli, determine wave velocity and attenuation; hence, independent measurements of shear wave properties are necessary to evaluate these constants. A three constant theory is discussed, assuming a shear viscosity only, so that an effective modulusK+4&mgr;/3 is obtained, whereKand &mgr; are the bulk and shear moduli. Relaxation times of the order 10−6to 10−8second are indicated. Approximate values of the dynamic Young's modulus are obtained from the effective modulus by assuming that the high frequency dispersion is due to the appearance of a ``crystalline'' shear elasticity. These results are correlated with low frequency data, and the dynamic Young's modulus and the loss factor are plotted. The loss factor exhibits a maximum in the dispersion region. Results are plotted in the range from 1 c.p.s. to 107c.p.s., which covers a wider range of frequency than earlier investigations. The necessary distribution of relaxation times is discussed.

 

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