AbstractA study has been carried out on the structure and surface texture of a new dental implant material composed of vitreous carbon balloons (3 wt % or 6 wt %) and poly(methyl methacrylate). Tooth replica implants using this material had been successfully placed in baboons, and histologic study revealed normal alveolar bone and a peri‐implant membrane with the connective tissue fibers oriented in a horizontal direction. Square wafers (10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm) were studied, with the surface sandblasted in one‐half of the specimens. Light microscopy revealed that in the 3% carbon specimens, the vitreous carbon microballoons were evenly spaced and often appeared to be fragmented within their spaces. S.E.M. studies revealed a finely porous surface with numerous large craters. Microballons were often seen within the craters in the nonsandblasted spec