Identity, Behavior, and Efficacy of Nitidulid Beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) Pollinating CommercialAnnonaSpecies in Florida
作者:
H. Nadel,
J. E. Peña,
期刊:
Environmental Entomology
(OUP Available online 1994)
卷期:
Volume 23,
issue 4
页码: 878-886
ISSN:0046-225X
年代: 1994
DOI:10.1093/ee/23.4.878
出版商: Oxford University Press
关键词: Annona;Nitidulidae;pollination
数据来源: OUP
摘要:
Insect pollination of commercial annonaceous crops is variable among localities and poorly understood. To gain basic information for use in pollinator management programs, we studied the nitidulids that pollinate commercially grown sugar apples (Annona squamosaL.) and atemoyas (A. squamosa X A. cherimolaP. Miller) in Florida. Only flowers visited by nitidulids set fruit. We found nine species of nitidulid flower visitors, seven of which pollinated.Carpophilus mutilatusErichson was the most important pollinator in terms of efficacy and abundance, followed byC. fumatusBoheman andHaptoncus luteolus(Erichson). TheAnnonaflowers, which are protogynous, are entered by the beetles usually during the female phase. Peak entry into atemoya flowers occurs in the morning (0700–0900 EST) and into sugar apple flowers both in morning (0700–1100) and evening (1700–2100). The beetles remain inside up to 22 h, until the flowers senesce and the stamens fall. In 1989, natural fruit set ranged from 0–29% of sampled flowers per day in atemoya groves and from 0–10% of flowers per day in sugar apples. Percentage of fruit set is correlated with numbers of nitidulids in the flowers.
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