Recrystallization and refractive index profiles of titanium‐implanted optical waveguides in LiNbO3
作者:
T. Bremer,
W. Heiland,
Ch. Buchal,
R. Irmscher,
B. Stritzker,
期刊:
Journal of Applied Physics
(AIP Available online 1990)
卷期:
Volume 67,
issue 3
页码: 1183-1187
ISSN:0021-8979
年代: 1990
DOI:10.1063/1.345715
出版商: AIP
数据来源: AIP
摘要:
Y‐cut LiNbO3single crystals have been implanted with 200‐keV Ti+at doses up to 4.0×1017Ti/cm2. The annealing behavior has been studied with implantations performed at 77, 300, and 620 K. The amorphous surface layers have been annealed at 1273 K in a wet oxygen atmosphere for 2 to 8 h to achieve epitaxial regrowth. Channeling and mode spectroscopy have been applied to investigate the regrowth process. Refractive index profiles have been calculated with an inverse WKB algorithm. A maximum increase of 0.040 for the extraordinary and 0.019 for the ordinary refractive index was found at He‐Ne wavelength (632.8 nm). This indicates a solubility limit of 3.3×1027/m3for Ti in LiNbO3. The annealing time to achieve perfect regrowth depends on the ion dose and irradiation temperature. Higher implantation temperatures yield dynamical annealing; thus, a shorter post‐implantation anneal is required.
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