AbstractThere was much social, political and military turmoil in India during Singh's time (1686–1743). He was well informed in scientific matters and personally involved in astronomy, amongst other things.He greatly exploited science for political and social goals. For instance, astronomy allowed a soundly-based reform of the calendar, with its many administrative and religious benefits. Astronomy also allowed for the building of impressive observatories, public manifestations of a powerful and developing culture and community.