Purpose. Laser Doppler interferometry (LDI) permits the measurement of intraocular distances to a precision of better than 20μm. The signal complex from the posterior segment of the eye consists of four peaks in the chick, an animal frequently used in ocular development studies. The present study sought to identify anatomical landmarks corresponding to these LDI peaks.Methods. Distances obtained with LDI at the posterior pole were compared to axial length components measured with three independent methods: vernier calipers, tissue sections and high frequency A-scan ultrasound.Results. LDI reflections appear to originate from the retinal inner limiting membrane, Bruch's membrane and the inner and outer scleral surfaces.Conclusions. The non-invasive and highly precise nature of LDI measurements enables repetitive and accurate assessment of intraocular distances. Such measurements should prove particularly useful for the assessment of short-term cyclic variations in intraocular distances as well as post-natal eye growth.