Although progestational agents have been widely used for gynecologic conditions, treatment options have usually been limited to synthetic agents with adverse effects and sparse patient acceptance. Recent Food and Drug Administration approval of oral micronized progesterone (MP) has introduced therapy with a safe, effective, well-tolerated drug. This article reviews therapeutic indications for MP as illustrated in five case studies. Issues in five case studies. Issues of patient compliance, individualized treatment plans, and patient partnership to obtain the most beneficial outcomes are discussed.