MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. Mi n e r a1 o g i c a1 C h e m i s t r y. 15 Preparation of Orthose. By P. HAUTEFEUILLE (Cowpt. rend., lxxxv, 952-955) .-Potassium tungstate and aluminium silicate, when fused together between 900" and lUOO", give rise to a crystalline silicate, which resembles orthose in its chemical and physical properties. Its crystalline form resembles that of orthose, and its optical properties are those characteristic of bodies crystallising in the monoclinic system. L. T. 0's. Bowlingite, a New Scottish Mineral. By J. B. HANNAY (Jfih. Mag., 1877, 154--157).-This mineral was found filling a slicken-sided fissure on the north side of the quarry, in the "Hill of Dun," a t Bowling, on the Clyde, three miles east of Dumbarton. The rock called the " Hill of Dun," was described by Mr.Samuel Allport (Trans. Geol. Xoc., xxx, 558) as a brownish-black, or black crystalline, porphy- ritic dolerite, built up of distinct crystals of augite, olivine, and felspar. The ground-mass is rather finely crystalline, and consists of small cryst'als or grains of the above-mentioned constituents, together with numerous grains of magnetite. The plagioclase crystals are large, and enclose glass cavities and portions of ground-mass. Formation of serpentine after olivine is very distinct throughout this rock. The new mineral has a fine deep-green colour by transmitted light, and small crystals of olivine are present, thus showing it to be a secondary formation from olivine. Streak, light arsenic-green. Spec. gr. varying from 2.283 to 2.290.It is very soft, has a steatitic feeling, and a slight pearly lustre ; is easily decomposed by boiling dilute acids (especially hydrochloric and sulphuric acids), gelatinous and slimy silica being left. This mineral was also found on the Cathkin Hilla, near Glasgow. The author analysed samples from Bowling and Catlikin, with the fol- lowing results, viz. :- Bowling No. 1 . . 34.32 18.07 9.65 6-81 9.57 5-14! 22.70 = 100.26 Cathkin No. 1 . . 35-66 15.09 5.22 7.02 1'2.41 .5.02 19.89 = 100.31 SiO,. Al203. Fe,Oa. FeO. MgO. CaC03. H,O. 9 , ,, 2 . . 3548 16.85 3.92 6.95 10.22 4.89 21.85 = 99-76 ,? ,, 2 . . 35.82 16.14 4.85 6.99 11-73 4.87 19.63 = 100.03 It is not easy to assign a formula to this mineral, on account of the quantity of calcium carbonate present. A further investigation is considered necessary, as an analysis of the sanze specimen, made by Mr.J. W. Young, differs completely from that of the author. C. A. B. New Minerals from the Collection in the University of Glasgow. By J. B. HANNAY (@in. Mag., 1877, 143-153).- Arsenaryentite.-Locality unknown. The first specimen examined by the author consisted principally of native arsenic, but enclosed in it16 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAIA PAPERS. were acicular crystals of a new mineral, which was found to have the following percentage composition, vix. :- Found. Calculated. Ag .......... 81.37 81.20 .......... As 18.43 18.80 99.80 100*00 - from which the formula, Ag3As, is deduced, and the mme proposed for it is arsennrgentite. The crystals were apparently rhombic. Associated with the arsenic was crystallised quartz, of a rose-pink cnlour.PZumbornnizga.iLite is a dark, steel-grey, somewhat crystalline mineral (having a bronze tinge, when weathered), with a spec. gr. of 4.01, and occurring in a “ pocket ” in gneiss, below a deposit of argentite. An analysis of this mineral furnished the following results, viz. :- Mn .......... 49.00 49.62 P b .......... 30.68 31-13 S .......... 20.73 19.25 100.41 100~00 Found. Calculated. from which the formula, SMn,S.PbS, is obtained. It is easily oxidised by nitric acid, and slowly attacked by boiling hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid. Yo?~Mgite.-~rnmediately bclow the silica, on the last-named specimen were observed small pieces of a bright, crystalline, hard body, which was found to have the following percentage composition, viz.:- Zn. Mn. Pb. S. Pound.. ........ 40.07 11.13 20.92 28.85 = 100.97 Calculated.. .... 39.26 11-05 20.78 28-91 = 100.00 from which the formula, GZnS.2lliInS.PbS, is obtained. Spec. gr., 3.62. The larger portion of the mineral is made up of a substance resembling fractured cast-iron, of a vcry crystalline nature, and on analysis yielded the following perceutages, viz. :- Zn. Pb. Mn. Fe. S. Found ...... 38.46 24.22 6-93 2.83 27.50 = 99.94 Calculated.. .. 37-81 25.01 6.64 2.71 27.83 = 100.00 the latter agreeing tolerably well with the formula, 6.ZnS 1-25 Mn S. Fnrther analyses proved the mineral to have a constant composition as above. Spec. gr., 3 59. The author proposes to name it “ Youngite,” after the Director of the Museum of Glasgow University.Note b y Abstmctor.-A microscopical examination and repeated analyses of the above-mentioned mineral appear to be desirable, in order t o ascertain whether this supposed new mineral be not in reality { :::: 2>MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY 17 n mixture of zinc-blende, alabandite (MnS),. galena, and iron-pyrites. From the analysis given above, the constitution of this substance cer- tainly appears to be as follows, viz. :- Iron-pyrites Zinc-blencte. Galena. Alabbandite. (FeS,) . 57-33 28.00 10.96 6.06 = 102.35 C. A. B. Miargyrite and Kenngottite. By L. S I P O cz (Liebi!/’s Anncchz, clxxxviii, 343) .-The author finds that miargyrife from b’elsiibrinya has the specific gravity, 5.322 to 5.273 ; after subtracting from the results of analysis minute quantities of copper and iron, and 4.01 per cent.of lead, and adding an equivalent quantity of silver, he finds that it agrees in composition well with the formula, AgSbS,. Kenngottite was found to have exactly the same specific gravity (5.29’318 t o 5.38221, and contained the same elements ; after subtracting traces of iron and copper, and calculating 1-76 per cent. of lead to silvcr, the analysis also agreed well with the formula, AgSbS,. Both of these minerals, therefore, are really mixtures of true miargyrite (from Brauns- clorf-Rose) or pure AgSbS,, and the isomorphous zinckenite, PbSbzSt, the former greatly predominating. c‘. R. A. W. Mineral Analyses. By C. WIXKLER ( J . yr. 01ze.m. [el, xTTi, 86-93) .-(1.) RoseZite.-To this mineral, from analyses of the Schneeberg variety, the author gavc (J. pr.Chem. [el, x, 191) the general formula (AsO)‘’~O~R‘’~ + 2HZ0. Schrauf (Jformy-aph des IihseZiths, Wien, 1874) attributes to it the formula (AsO)”,06.R”, + 3H,O. From a special determination of the water in this mineral, by passing dry air over it heated to redness, and collecting the water in a cdcium :chloride tube, the author finds his original formula to be correct. (2.) CohnZt-spar.-This mineral was found by A. Weisbach asso- ciated with roselite of the Daniel mine in Schneeberg, as a black, velvet-like mineral, the interior being of an ery-hhrin-red colour. It has proved to be a cobalt carbonate, and from its crystalline form it must he placed next t o sphwosiderite, and is a member of the calc-spar group.(3.) Bi.~nzz~thosph~~ite.--This name has been given to the mineral by A. Weisbach (Jnlirbuch f. d. Be7.g. u. Huttenweserb in liijr~igreich Sachse~a, 1877), which is the old arsenious bismuth of Werner, Ana- lysis proves it to be a carbonate, having the formula, (BiO)‘,CO,. (4.) 77ramciwite.-The mineral, so named by Weisbach (op. cit., 1877), is a species of uranite, foundin “ Falkenstein, in the Voigtland,” and was regarded as a calcium-uranium phosphate. Analyses by Max Georgi and Umao Imai, show it to contain barium, and that the formula is Ba0.2U,Os.P2O6 + 8H,O. P. P, B. Ixolyte. By H. WEIDEL (Wim. Akad. Ber., xxiv, 387-388).-- This mineral occurs in the lignite of Gloggnitz, in the form of semi- fluid drops, which darken in d o u r and harden on exposure t o the air.VOL. XXXTII. c18 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Ixolyte, purified by soIution in alcohol, yields pyrocatechin when fused with caustic potash. w. c. w. The Mineral Spring of 0 Tura, in Hungary. By H. WE I D E L and G. G o L D s c H M I E D T ( Wiem Akad. Ber., Ixxiv, 391-393) .-The temperature of this spring in summer is 10" C. ; its specific gravity at 22.9" is 1.00107. The water turns litmus red, but after the carbonic acid has escaped, it has a strongly alkaline reaction. A considerable quantity of gas is given off by the spring ; it contains 9.86 per cent. carbon dioxide, 86.51 per cent. nitrogen, and 3.42 per cent. oxygen. 10,000 parts of the water contain- SiOz. A1 203. FeO. CaO. MgO. KCO. 0.1402 0.0063 0.0374 2,4450 0.5560 0.0087 Na20. so,. c1.CO,. Total solids. 1.3327 0.0046 0-2879 10.8540 8.0490 also traces of phosphoric acid, ammonia, and organic matter. w. c. w. On some Mineral Springs in the Neighbourhood of Lake Laaeh. By R. BENDER (Arch. Pharm. [3], xi, 50--53).-The so- called Heilbrunnen spring is one of the most interesting mineral springs of the Brohl valley. Its water is quite elear, colourless, and rich in gas. It yields daily about 4,908 liters of water and G5O liters of gas (free carbonic acid). On allowing the water to stand in an open bottle, it becomes turbid, probably in consequence of the conver- sion of ferrous into ferric oxide, a circumst'ance which is often observed with water rich in ferrous carbonate. Presenius recently found that 1,000 parts of this mineral water contains the following ingre- dients :- E,S04.Na2S0,. NaC1. NaI. NaBr. NaN03. A1P04. 0.09900 0.14763 1.41489 0.00001 0.00080 0.00046 OfKJO13 NaP03. Li2C03. Nu,C03. (NH.J2C03. BaCO,, SrCO,. CaC03. 0.00018 0.00390 1.81999 0.00535 0.00006 0.00006 0.38275 Carbonic acid. - Partly MgCO,. FeCO,. MnC03. Si02. Total. combined. Prec. 1.07'420 0.02138 0.00031 0.22741 5.19851 1.413961 2.39334 Total = 9.09146. The Stnhlbrunnen spring at Wassenach is also situated in the Brohl The spring gives !3.072 liters The specific gravity 1,000 parts contain, according to valley. Its water has a pleasant taste. of water and 6,840 liters of free gas in 24 hours. of the water at 9.2"R. is 1'00.27. Fresenius :-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 19 &SO4. ITC10,. NaC103. NaNO,. NaPO,. A1P04. Li2C03. 0.05444 0.035 75 0.0091 1 0*00102 0.00040 0.00045 0.00030 Na,C03.(NR4)2C03. BaCO,. SrCO,. CaCO,. MgC0,. PeC0,. 0.63123 0.00281 0.00009 0.00120 0.37582 0.70976 0-03630 Carbonic acid. -- MnC03. SiO,. Total. Partly combined. Free. Total. 0.09289 0.04107 1.90244 0.81568 2.33600 5.05412 The Heilbiir spring is situated in the valley of Wehr, being 255 meters above the surface of the North Sea. 1,000 parts of the water contain 3.5924 parts of solids containing 5.19 parts of FeCO,. Its temperature is 8-35' R. The Sauerbrunnen at Bell is distinguished by its richness in organic: substances. The Sauerbrunnen at Muhlbach near Rieden has a con- stant temperature of 6.5" R., and is situated 362 meters above the North Sea. The Sulzbrunnen lies 288 meters above the sea level and has R temperature of 7" R.The Erlenborn spring in the valley of Obermendig is situated 295 meters above the North Sea, and has R temperature of 9"R. It con- tains the largest quantity of calcium and magnesium carbonates of all the springs of Lake Laach. The Bunterbrullnen near Kell has a temperature of 8.5" R., and lies 184 meters high. The Pehlenborn in the Brohl valley has a temperature of 11.4" R., and contains 2.317 parts of solids in 1,000 parts of water. In conclusion, the author mentions the remarkable circumstmce that, although various springs existed in this valley in former times, the supplies of which are now exhausted, they seem to have been en- tirely free from carbonate of iron, or at least very poor in this con- stituent-a fact which is very rarely observed at the present time.1,000 parts contain 3.33 parts of solids. 10,000 parts contain 1.145 parts of FeCO,. D. B.MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY.Mi n e r a1 o g i c a1 C h e m i s t r y.15Preparation of Orthose. By P. HAUTEFEUILLE (Cowpt. rend.,lxxxv, 952-955) .-Potassium tungstate and aluminium silicate, whenfused together between 900" and lUOO", give rise to a crystalline silicate,which resembles orthose in its chemical and physical properties. Itscrystalline form resembles that of orthose, and its optical propertiesare those characteristic of bodies crystallising in the monoclinicsystem. L. T. 0's.Bowlingite, a New Scottish Mineral. By J. B. HANNAY (Jfih.Mag., 1877, 154--157).-This mineral was found filling a slicken-sidedfissure on the north side of the quarry, in the "Hill of Dun," a tBowling, on the Clyde, three miles east of Dumbarton. The rockcalled the " Hill of Dun," was described by Mr.Samuel Allport (Trans.Geol. Xoc., xxx, 558) as a brownish-black, or black crystalline, porphy-ritic dolerite, built up of distinct crystals of augite, olivine, and felspar.The ground-mass is rather finely crystalline, and consists of smallcryst'als or grains of the above-mentioned constituents, together withnumerous grains of magnetite. The plagioclase crystals are large,and enclose glass cavities and portions of ground-mass. Formation ofserpentine after olivine is very distinct throughout this rock. Thenew mineral has a fine deep-green colour by transmitted light, andsmall crystals of olivine are present, thus showing it to be a secondaryformation from olivine.Streak, light arsenic-green. Spec. gr. varyingfrom 2.283 to 2.290. It is very soft, has a steatitic feeling, and a slightpearly lustre ; is easily decomposed by boiling dilute acids (especiallyhydrochloric and sulphuric acids), gelatinous and slimy silica beingleft. This mineral was also found on the Cathkin Hilla, near Glasgow.The author analysed samples from Bowling and Catlikin, with the fol-lowing results, viz. :-Bowling No. 1 . . 34.32 18.07 9.65 6-81 9.57 5-14! 22.70 = 100.26Cathkin No. 1 . . 35-66 15.09 5.22 7.02 1'2.41 .5.02 19.89 = 100.31SiO,. Al203. Fe,Oa. FeO. MgO. CaC03. H,O.9 , ,, 2 . . 3548 16.85 3.92 6.95 10.22 4.89 21.85 = 99-76,? ,, 2 . . 35.82 16.14 4.85 6.99 11-73 4.87 19.63 = 100.03It is not easy to assign a formula to this mineral, on account of thequantity of calcium carbonate present.A further investigation isconsidered necessary, as an analysis of the sanze specimen, made byMr. J. W. Young, differs completely from that of the author.C. A. B.New Minerals from the Collection in the University ofGlasgow. By J. B. HANNAY (@in. Mag., 1877, 143-153).-Arsenaryentite.-Locality unknown. The first specimen examined bythe author consisted principally of native arsenic, but enclosed in i16 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAIA PAPERS.were acicular crystals of a new mineral, which was found to have thefollowing percentage composition, vix. :-Found. Calculated.Ag .......... 81.37 81.20 ..........As 18.43 18.8099.80 100*00-from which the formula, Ag3As, is deduced, and the mme proposed forit is arsennrgentite. The crystals were apparently rhombic. Associatedwith the arsenic was crystallised quartz, of a rose-pink cnlour.PZumbornnizga.iLite is a dark, steel-grey, somewhat crystalline mineral(having a bronze tinge, when weathered), with a spec. gr. of 4.01,and occurring in a “ pocket ” in gneiss, below a deposit of argentite.An analysis of this mineral furnished the following results, viz. :-Mn .......... 49.00 49.62P b .......... 30.68 31-13S .......... 20.73 19.25100.41 100~00Found. Calculated.from which the formula, SMn,S.PbS, is obtained. It is easily oxidisedby nitric acid, and slowly attacked by boiling hydrochloric acid andsulphuric acid.Yo?~Mgite.-~rnmediately bclow the silica, on the last-named specimenwere observed small pieces of a bright, crystalline, hard body, whichwas found to have the following percentage composition, viz.:-Zn. Mn. Pb. S.Pound.. ........ 40.07 11.13 20.92 28.85 = 100.97Calculated.. .... 39.26 11-05 20.78 28-91 = 100.00from which the formula, GZnS.2lliInS.PbS, is obtained. Spec. gr., 3.62.The larger portion of the mineral is made up of a substance resemblingfractured cast-iron, of a vcry crystalline nature, and on analysis yieldedthe following perceutages, viz. :-Zn. Pb. Mn. Fe. S.Found ...... 38.46 24.22 6-93 2.83 27.50 = 99.94Calculated.. .. 37-81 25.01 6.64 2.71 27.83 = 100.00the latter agreeing tolerably well with the formula, 6.ZnS 1-25 Mn S.Fnrther analyses proved the mineral to have a constant composition asabove.Spec. gr., 3 59. The author proposes to name it “ Youngite,”after the Director of the Museum of Glasgow University.Note b y Abstmctor.-A microscopical examination and repeatedanalyses of the above-mentioned mineral appear to be desirable, inorder t o ascertain whether this supposed new mineral be not in reality{ :::: 2MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY 17n mixture of zinc-blende, alabandite (MnS),. galena, and iron-pyrites.From the analysis given above, the constitution of this substance cer-tainly appears to be as follows, viz. :-Iron-pyritesZinc-blencte. Galena. Alabbandite. (FeS,) .57-33 28.00 10.96 6.06 = 102.35C. A. B.Miargyrite and Kenngottite.By L. S I P O cz (Liebi!/’sAnncchz, clxxxviii, 343) .-The author finds that miargyrife fromb’elsiibrinya has the specific gravity, 5.322 to 5.273 ; after subtractingfrom the results of analysis minute quantities of copper and iron, and4.01 per cent. of lead, and adding an equivalent quantity of silver, hefinds that it agrees in composition well with the formula, AgSbS,.Kenngottite was found to have exactly the same specific gravity (5.29’318t o 5.38221, and contained the same elements ; after subtracting tracesof iron and copper, and calculating 1-76 per cent. of lead to silvcr, theanalysis also agreed well with the formula, AgSbS,. Both of theseminerals, therefore, are really mixtures of true miargyrite (from Brauns-clorf-Rose) or pure AgSbS,, and the isomorphous zinckenite, PbSbzSt,the former greatly predominating.c‘. R. A. W.Mineral Analyses. By C. WIXKLER ( J . yr. 01ze.m. [el, xTTi,86-93) .-(1.) RoseZite.-To this mineral, from analyses of theSchneeberg variety, the author gavc (J. pr. Chem. [el, x, 191) thegeneral formula (AsO)‘’~O~R‘’~ + 2HZ0. Schrauf (Jformy-aph desIihseZiths, Wien, 1874) attributes to it the formula (AsO)”,06.R”, +3H,O. From a special determination of the water in this mineral, bypassing dry air over it heated to redness, and collecting the water in acdcium :chloride tube, the author finds his original formula to becorrect.(2.) CohnZt-spar.-This mineral was found by A. Weisbach asso-ciated with roselite of the Daniel mine in Schneeberg, as a black,velvet-like mineral, the interior being of an ery-hhrin-red colour. It hasproved to be a cobalt carbonate, and from its crystalline form it musthe placed next t o sphwosiderite, and is a member of the calc-spargroup.(3.) Bi.~nzz~thosph~~ite.--This name has been given to the mineralby A.Weisbach (Jnlirbuch f. d. Be7.g. u. Huttenweserb in liijr~igreichSachse~a, 1877), which is the old arsenious bismuth of Werner, Ana-lysis proves it to be a carbonate, having the formula, (BiO)‘,CO,.(4.) 77ramciwite.-The mineral, so named by Weisbach (op. cit.,1877), is a species of uranite, foundin “ Falkenstein, in the Voigtland,”and was regarded as a calcium-uranium phosphate. Analyses by MaxGeorgi and Umao Imai, show it to contain barium, and that the formulais Ba0.2U,Os.P2O6 + 8H,O.P. P, B.Ixolyte. By H. WEIDEL (Wim. Akad. Ber., xxiv, 387-388).--This mineral occurs in the lignite of Gloggnitz, in the form of semi-fluid drops, which darken in d o u r and harden on exposure t o the air.VOL. XXXTII. 18 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.Ixolyte, purified by soIution in alcohol, yields pyrocatechin when fusedwith caustic potash. w. c. w.The Mineral Spring of 0 Tura, in Hungary. By H. WE I D E Land G. G o L D s c H M I E D T ( Wiem Akad. Ber., Ixxiv, 391-393) .-Thetemperature of this spring in summer is 10" C. ; its specific gravity at22.9" is 1.00107. The water turns litmus red, but after the carbonicacid has escaped, it has a strongly alkaline reaction. A considerablequantity of gas is given off by the spring ; it contains 9.86 per cent.carbon dioxide, 86.51 per cent.nitrogen, and 3.42 per cent. oxygen.10,000 parts of the water contain-SiOz. A1 203. FeO. CaO. MgO. KCO.0.1402 0.0063 0.0374 2,4450 0.5560 0.0087Na20. so,. c1. CO,. Total solids.1.3327 0.0046 0-2879 10.8540 8.0490also traces of phosphoric acid, ammonia, and organic matter. w. c. w.On some Mineral Springs in the Neighbourhood of LakeLaaeh. By R. BENDER (Arch. Pharm. [3], xi, 50--53).-The so-called Heilbrunnen spring is one of the most interesting mineralsprings of the Brohl valley. Its water is quite elear, colourless, andrich in gas. It yields daily about 4,908 liters of water and G5O litersof gas (free carbonic acid). On allowing the water to stand in anopen bottle, it becomes turbid, probably in consequence of the conver-sion of ferrous into ferric oxide, a circumst'ance which is often observedwith water rich in ferrous carbonate.Presenius recently found that1,000 parts of this mineral water contains the following ingre-dients :-E,S04. Na2S0,. NaC1. NaI. NaBr. NaN03. A1P04.0.09900 0.14763 1.41489 0.00001 0.00080 0.00046 OfKJO13NaP03. Li2C03. Nu,C03. (NH.J2C03. BaCO,, SrCO,. CaC03.0.00018 0.00390 1.81999 0.00535 0.00006 0.00006 0.38275Carbonic acid. - PartlyMgCO,. FeCO,. MnC03. Si02. Total. combined. Prec.1.07'420 0.02138 0.00031 0.22741 5.19851 1.413961 2.39334Total = 9.09146.The Stnhlbrunnen spring at Wassenach is also situated in the BrohlThe spring gives !3.072 litersThe specific gravity1,000 parts contain, according tovalley.Its water has a pleasant taste.of water and 6,840 liters of free gas in 24 hours.of the water at 9.2"R. is 1'00.27.Fresenius :ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 19&SO4. ITC10,. NaC103. NaNO,. NaPO,. A1P04. Li2C03.0.05444 0.035 75 0.0091 1 0*00102 0.00040 0.00045 0.00030Na,C03. (NR4)2C03. BaCO,. SrCO,. CaCO,. MgC0,. PeC0,.0.63123 0.00281 0.00009 0.00120 0.37582 0.70976 0-03630Carbonic acid. -- MnC03. SiO,. Total. Partly combined. Free. Total.0.09289 0.04107 1.90244 0.81568 2.33600 5.05412The Heilbiir spring is situated in the valley of Wehr, being 255meters above the surface of the North Sea. 1,000 parts of the watercontain 3.5924 parts of solids containing 5.19 parts of FeCO,. Itstemperature is 8-35' R.The Sauerbrunnen at Bell is distinguished by its richness in organic:substances. The Sauerbrunnen at Muhlbach near Rieden has a con-stant temperature of 6.5" R., and is situated 362 meters above theNorth Sea.The Sulzbrunnen lies 288 meters above the sea level and has Rtemperature of 7" R.The Erlenborn spring in the valley of Obermendig is situated 295meters above the North Sea, and has R temperature of 9"R. It con-tains the largest quantity of calcium and magnesium carbonates of allthe springs of Lake Laach.The Bunterbrullnen near Kell has a temperature of 8.5" R., and lies184 meters high.The Pehlenborn in the Brohl valley has a temperature of 11.4" R.,and contains 2.317 parts of solids in 1,000 parts of water.In conclusion, the author mentions the remarkable circumstmcethat, although various springs existed in this valley in former times,the supplies of which are now exhausted, they seem to have been en-tirely free from carbonate of iron, or at least very poor in this con-stituent-a fact which is very rarely observed at the present time.1,000 parts contain 3.33 parts of solids.10,000 parts contain 1.145 parts of FeCO,.D. B