Are Cardiovascular Disease and Osteoporosis Directly Linked?
作者:
Crystal Whitney,
Darren E R Warburton,
Jiri Frohlich,
Sammy Y Chan,
Heather McKay,
Karim Khan,
期刊:
Sports Medicine
(ADIS Available online 2004)
卷期:
Volume 34,
issue 12
页码: 779-807
ISSN:0112-1642
年代: 2004
出版商: ADIS
关键词: HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, general;Pravastatin, general;Fluvastatin, general;Atorvastatin, general;Simvastatin, general;ACE inhibitors, general;Cardiovascular disorders, pathogenesis;Exercise;Menopause
数据来源: ADIS
摘要:
For years, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease were thought to be two independent consequences of aging; however, mounting evidence supports an association between these diseases. Recently, a widespread class of cholesterol-lowering drugs known as statins have demonstrated (in rodents and cell cultures) the ability to induce bone formation. This finding is significant since current therapies are limited to the prevention or slowing down of bone loss rather than (enhancing/improving) bone formation. In humans, the ability of statins to generate new bone has not been consistent; however, several investigations have demonstrated a dramatic decrease in fracture risk. Although it has been proposed that statins induce new bone via increased bone morphogenetic protein-2, other conditions affected by statins such as dyslipidaemia, vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction and impaired nitric oxide expression, may also contribute to the cardiovascular and bone health paradigm. Furthermore, the role of physical activity and its influence on cardiovascular and bone health, especially in postmenopausal women, may contribute to the discrepancy of findings in human data. In summary, it remains to be determined if statins contribute to bone health via improvements in vascular health or by pleiotropic properties unique to their pharmacology. This review provides information on our current understanding of the bone and cardiovascular association, as well as on novel areas of research to further our current understanding of these conditions.
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