AbstractWe report the first European record ofPhyscomitrium maroccanumMeylan. It was collected from near Mazzarino (Caltanissetta Province), Sicily. The Sicilian plants are described and illustrated. Examination of the type material from Morocco suggests that, despite the rostellate operculum and mitrate calyptra, the species might be better treated as belonging toEntosthodon. Characters suggesting a placement inEntosthodoninclude the very elongate exothecial cells with incrassate walls and the papillose-reticulate spores. Information is given on environmental conditions and ecology of the species in Morocco and Sicily.