&NA;The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between health beliefs of rural Appalachian women and the practice of breast self-examination (BSE). The sample consisted of 130 women residing in rural Appalachia who were recruited from various groups. The mean age was 53. They completed Champion's Health Belief Scale, which consisted of six Likert subscales: Susceptibility, Seriousness, Benefits, Barriers. Health Motivation, and Confidence. The women were questioned if they did BSE and were asked to respond to the following statement: "If I had cancer, I would rather not know it." Only 34.9% reported that they did monthly BSE. Two of the six subscales correlated significantly with reports of doing monthly BSE. Women who reported more confidence in doing BSE and perceived more benefits from doing BSE were significantly more likely to do regular exams. Interestingly, 18% indicated that they would rather not know if they had cancer and another 17% had neutral feelings. The findings support the need for culturally sensitive education programs on BSE for rural Appalachian women. Consideration must be given to their health beliefs in relation to health promotion.