The basic tenet of pharmaceutical care asserts that the delivery of optimal, cost‐effective pharmacotherapy can be best achieved by identifying, resolving, and preventing drug‐related problems. Drug use evaluation (DUE) is one of the primary tools used to achieve these ends. Fluoroquinolone antimicrobials meet Joint Commission criteria for targeting for DUE: the drugs are used in populations at high risk for adverse drug reactions, quality assurance or infection control committees target them for DUE, the drugs are costly, they may be suspected or known to be used inappropriately, and they are prescribed frequently. Outside this supplement, no published DUE criteria for parenteral fluoroquinolones currently exist. Suggested criteria include use in patients who would otherwise be candidates for oral fluoroquinolone therapy (for which published criteria exist) but who cannot use the oral route of administration due to gastrointestinal conditions predisposing to malabsorption or unavailability of the oral route; for severe infections due to gram‐negative pathogens; as a replacement for aminoglycosides when ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity is a substantial risk; targeting to resistant pathogens (i.e., not as empiric therapy); and targeting to therapeutic use only (not for prophylaxis). The DUE process is crucial for ensuring safe, effective, appropriate, and economical drug therapy. It is an effective mechanism for evaluating the use of new agents and as an educational tool for clinicians in the postmarketing p