Summary.1 Bunting calls in general express the tendencies to fly, to behave sexually, to behave aggressively, or to give fear responses. (Close begging‐calls probably express a tendency to feed.)2 Bunting social calls express weak fear aroused by being alone, and as a result are often given by solitary males before they sing.3 A primitive “seeoo” call expressing fear has probably evolved into (a) a call easy to locate that expresses weak fear and serves as a social call, and (A) a call difficult to locate that expresses strong fear and serves as an alarm‐call.4 The “tit”‐type flight‐call, which both in its normal form and in its probable variant, the distant begging‐call, shares with social calls the function of keeping birds in touch with each other, is also easily located.5 When there are simultaneous tendencies to give two different calls, the form of one may be imposed on the other (e.g.a normally repeated flight‐call may be given singly, or an alarm‐call be rapidly repeated in