AbstractUsing data from a case‐control study conducted in Northern Italy, we analyzed the relation between alcohol drinking and risk of endometrial cancer. Cases were 726 patients,<75 years of age, admitted to the Ospedale Maggiore (including the 4 largest teaching and general hospitals in the Greater Milan area), the University Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, and the National Cancer Institute of Milan with histologically confirmed endometrial cancer. Controls were 2,123 nonhysterectomized patients,2 drinks/day (χ%21trend 11.33, p<0.001). The estimates were similar when wine only (which represents the large majority of all alcohol intake in Italy) was considered, whereas data were less informative for beer and spirits intake only. No relation emerged between duration of alcohol consumption and risk of endometrial cancer. These findings suggest a potential link between alcohol drinking and endometrial cancer risk and are, in any case, inconsistent with a protective role of alcohol in endometrial carcinogenesis. However, several inconsistencies in the epidemiological and biologic evidence leave open the question of causality of this association.