AbstractIn the case of grafting by preirradiation method, the presence of air during preirradiation by gamma rays has practically no influence on the percent grafting, whereas the presence of water decreases the activity to a great extent. ESR studies of preirradiated cotton and rayon show that the active species for the grafting are not peroxides but free radicals even when the irradiation is carried out in air. The number of scissions of chemical bonds of the cellulose molecule by the irradiation is found to be practically independent of the degree of polymerization and microstructure of the initial cellulosic fiber; the presence of air also has no effect on the degradation. In the case of styrene grafting, breaking strength of single fibers remains substantially unchanged by the grafting, but the increase of denier by the grafting results in a drop of tenacity (g/den) of the single fibers. It is true that cellulosic fibers become hydrophobic by the grafting of styrene, but the tendency to absorb water calculated on the cellulose basis increases by the increasing percent graft. This may be the reason for the rather low wet tenacity of the styrene grafted cellulosic fibers.