Fusariuminfection of barley, maize, oats, and wheat was determined in a total of 362 samples of grain harvested in New Zealand during 1987, 1988, and 1989. The incidence of other fungi with toxigenic potential such asMicrodochium nivale, Diplodia maydis, andPenicilliumandAlternariaspecies was also recorded. The amount ofFusariuminfection varied with grain type and region of origin. Samples from the South Island had a lower levelof infection than samples from the North Island. Maize had the highest level of infection.F. graminearumandF. crookwellensewere the Fusarium species most frequently recovered from maize, whereasF. graminearumandF. culmorumwere the most common species isolated from barley and wheat grown in regions showing a high level of infection. A number of potentially toxigenicPenicilliumspecies were recovered from maize.