THE iNSTlTUTE OF CHEMISTRY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. FOUNDED. 1877. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER, 1885. PROCEEDINGS, PART IV. PROCEEDINGS OF THE COUNCIL (JUNE-NOVEMBER, 1919). EXAMINATIONS FOR THE ASSOCIATESHIP, JULY, 1919. LOCAL SECTIONS. APPOINTMENTS REGISTER. EXUSERVICE CHEMISTS. PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS. DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH. OBITUARY. THE REGISTER. NOTICES :EXAMINATIONS; NOTICE TO ASSOCIATES; APPOINT- MENTS REGISTER ; LIBRARY. Issued under the supervision of the Proceedings Committee, RICHARD B. PILCHER, Registrar and Sccvetmvy.LONDON,30, RUSSELLSQUARE, W.C. I,. NovewzbeY, 1919. Proceedings Committee, 1919.20. OSCAR L. BRADY (Chdwzun), SIR HERBERT JACKSON (President) WILLIAM BACON, CECIL H.CRIBB, ALEXANDER C. CUMMING, J. T. DUNN, H. G. LACELL, J. H. LESTER, ANDREW MORE, G. H. PERRY, M.B.E., HARRY SILVE STER, GEORGE STUBBS, O.B.E. 3 Proceedings of the Council. JUNE-NOYEMBER, 191% Ministry of Health.-When the constitution of the Council on Medical and Allied Services was announced towards the close of September, information was received that Sir William Tilden had been appointed, on the nomination of the Council of the Institute, to represent the science of chemistry. At the same time, the Council note with satisfaction the inclusion of the names of two other Fellows of the Institute : Dr. F. Gowland Hopkins, Official Analyst to the Home Office, and Dr. T. Eustace Hill, O.B.E. Chemists in War.-The Proceedings Committee have received several very gratifying offers of assistance in connec- tion with the proposed preparation of an account of the services rendered by,chemists during the war.The Committee hope sooii to proceed with the work and will be glad to hear from other Fellows and Associates who are willing to help them. Patents and Designs Bill.-The Council have expressed their concurrence with the Report of the Patent Laws Com- mittee of the Conjoint Board of Scientific Societies in advo- cating the following improvements in the British Patent Law :-(I) The extension of the present period of provisional protection. (2) The extension of the period of protection from fourteen years to seventeen years as in the United States.(3) A reduction in the scale of fees. The present fee for the first four years should remain, and all renewal fees should be substantially reduced. 4 (4) The adoption of the “ File IVrapper” system as employed in the United States, The recommendations have been forwarded to the Board of Trade. The Patent Laws Committee of the Conjoint Board con- sisted of Sir Robert Hadfield, Sir Dugald Clerk, Mr. Horatio Ballantyne, who has represented the Institute in the Con- ferences of Scientific and Technical Institutions concerned with this matter, and Dr. W. W. Watts, Secretary of the Cmjoint Board. Glass Researc h.-By arrangement with the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, the researches proposed to be undertaken by the Vitreous Compounds Committee will be transferred to the British Scientific Instruments Research Association, of which Sir Herbert Jackson is the Director.The Department has expressed its appreciation of the initiatory work of the Institute in this matter. Chemical Glassware, Fine Chemicals and Special Reagents.-The Council have received a letter from the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research asking for an expression of their views with regard to present supplies and quality of British-made chemical glassware and of fine chemicals for research purposes. The Glass Research Com- mittee of the Institute is inquiring into the first matter and invites the views of Fellows and Associates thereon.The Council understand that the question with regard to fine chemicals is under the consideration of the Federal Council for Pure and Applied Chemistry. The Joint Committee of the Institute of Chemistry and the Society of Public Analysts, under whose direction a List of Reagents for Analytical Purposes was published in 1915, have under consideration the desirability of revising and extending the List referred to, provided a sufficient number of manufacturers are prepared to produce ‘‘ A. R.” chemicals according to the standards specified. It is probable that the Committee will proceed with the revision of the List, and they 5 will be glad to receive suggestions from the Fellows and Associates in that matter. Government Laboratory -Temporary Chemical Assistants.-The Lords Commissioners of H.M.Treasury, on the suggestion of Sir James Dobbie, have requested the President of the Institute to serve on a Committee which is to deal with the selection of Temporary Chemical Assistants in the Government Laboratory, the other members being the Government Chemist and a representative of the Civil Service Commissioners. The Economic Interests of Chemists.-Acting on a suggestion received from the London and South-Eastern Counties Section of the Institute, the Council issued a circular with Proceedings, Part III., in order to collect information with regard to the salaries received by chemists in various branches of work. No authoritative figures had previously been available to gauge the general rate of remuneration, the available data being insufficient as a basis for possible propaganda.In order to supply this deficiency, the Council decided to ask Members in receipt of salaries for whole-time appointments, apart from those occupying independent positions, to fill up and return a form, indicating age, branch of work, nature of position, locality, term of appointment, salary, war bonus or other allowance, prospects, leave and conditions of appointment. Returns have been received from about 950 Fellows and Associates, and the statistics prepared therefrom have been submitted to the General Purposes Committee. The Committee are of opinion that the figures obtained up to the present probably indicate a lower average than that of the actual rate of pay received, because the less satisfactory returns are apparently more strongly represented in the replies, while a large proportion of the more fortunate members seem to have neglected to supply information.The Council request, therefore, that Members who have not yet sent in the forms will do so as soor? as possible and C 6 thereby assist the General Purposes Committee in their inves- tigation in the interests of the profession. Chemists and the Whitiey industrial Councils.- The brief statement on pp. 6 and 7 of Proceedings, Part III., referring to the interview between representatives of the Institute and Mr. G. J. Wardle, on behalf of the Minister of Labour, was inserted when the Part was about to go to press, and may now be supplemented by the following information :-DEPUTATIOKTO TIE MINISTEROF LABOuR.-The interview was arranged for a preliminary conference on the means to be adopted whereby the Institute might be of service to the Ministry and the Industrial Councils in connection with tech- nical questions arising under the Whitley Report.and at the same time act in an advisory capacity on matters affecting the interests of chemists. The gist of the representation is covered by the memorandum prepared for the use of the repre-sentatives :-" Industry looks increasingly to science for help in solving its difficulties. Besides the employer and the working man, the technical staff-including chemists and engineers-should be represented on industrial organisations, since it is to that starf that every industry turns for the means to speed up production and to make good the losses incurred by increasing costs and decreasing hours OF work.In many industrie5 the influence of science is hardly recognised ; on the other hand, in some industries the demands made on science are often unreasonable. The fact remains that scientific control and the introduction of scientific methods have become essential to profitable working. " Both capital and labour, however, must realise that the technical staff-the men of science- also find it ' necessary to organise for their mutual protection, in order to maintain their position. They cannot become competent to carry on their work without sound general education, broad technical training, and, in most cases, specialised experience.The nature of their work demands a certain degree of social com- 7 fort. It is clear, for instance, that a chemist engaged on research cannot be expected to produce good results if he is unduly harassed by economic conditions ; and yet, speaking generally, such men have received less consideration from the economic point of view, than the manual workers, although their connection with industry is so essential that scarcely any productive industry can succeed without them. The necessity for them is acknowledged in the Whitley Report, which, how- ever, makes no provision for giving them any place in the deliberations of the Industrial Councils.'' The Government is recognising the value of research, and is establishing Research Associations in connection with the various industries, under the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research ; but this alone will not be sufficient to maintain the industrial position of the country. Industrial concerns individually must be encouraged to employ more chemists, physicists, and the like, on whose work their future very largely depends : reliable chemists for the examination of raw materials, intermediate products and finished products, chemists for the control of water supplies, fuel, etc., chemists for research and for investigating technical problems generally, chemists to control plant, and chemists and engineers to design plant and machinery, in addition to consultants to be called in as occasion requires." While technical men require representation as much as any other class, however, the Trades Unions are inclined, in some cases, to distrust such men as being allied to the employers, and for that reason do not at present wish to see them associated with the unions. In some industries the workman is said to suspect expert technical men, who introduce new processes and inventions, as being inimical to Labour, and means should be found for bringing about a change of view and promoting co-operation for the general good. '' It was on these points-(1) the representation of science in the interest both of industry and of the technical men them- selves and (2) the need for bringing home to Labour the 8 far-reaching effects of applied science-that the interview was arranged. ''The Institute seeks representation of the profession of chemistry on Committees of the Industrial Council and on the National Industrial Council, and will confer with the Ministry of Labour and assist in every way in reconciling the trades unions to the necessity for giving full recognition to the importance of science in industry.''The representation of chemists on the Industrial Council of any industry is rendered somewhat difficult owing to the small number of chemists engaged. In only one or two industries can they be counted by hundreds : iron and steel, dyes and, lately, explosives. The varying standards of compe- tence and the varied nature of their work make it impossible to fix any flat rate of pay; for this and other reasons the possibility of a general strike is remote.An attempt might be made to fix minimum rates, but for the present, defence organisation is limited practically to chemists declining appointments with concerns in which the pay is inadequate or the conditions insupportable. Some method of dealing with the matter must be found, in order that chemists in common with other employees may have their interests safeguarded. Otherwise, the profession which is of such vital importance is liable to become degraded and unattractive. "Seeing, however, that the Institute represents the trained and competent chemists of the country-both employers and employed-it does not seek recognition as a Trades Union ; but it is prepared to act in an advisory capacity in any matter affecting the welfare of chemists, and is willing to assist the Ministry in technical matters proposed to be dealt with under the Whitley Report.The Institute, moreover, would co-operate with the Ministry in any scheme which may be devised for popularising science, having in view the distrust referred to above. How this may be arrived at-whether by estab- lishing Working Men's Colleges, by lectures, by propaganda in the Press or other publication, or the like means-also remains to be determined. Much has been done in the past and can yet be done by fostering good feeling between chemists on the technical staffs of industrial concerns and those who are working under their direction.In this, the Institute and chemists individually can take part. " The views of the Deputation were sympathetically received by Mr. Wardle, who promised to discuss them with the Minister of Labour. Subsequently, the Registrar of the Institute attended at the Ministry of Labour, Montagu House, for a further confer- ence with members of the Departmental Staff. The discussion centred on the steps to be taken to secure representation of chemists on the Industrial Councils. As the numbers of chemists employed in various industries are not sufficiently great to ensure representation solely on that ground.it is more likely to be attained by bringing the industries con- cerned to realise the importance of chemical science ; that is to say, chemists should be represented not for their numbers, but for their worth. There are signs in certain trades that objections to the representation of men in the management, technical staff, etc., will be waived. It "is possible that chemists may secure representation in such industries either as representing the management or as chemists. The Industrial Councils, moreover, have the power to co-opt persons with technical knowledge and experience, and when chemical problems arise opportunities will occur for chemists to suggest that their profession should be represented on the Industrial Councils concerned.It appears necessary that propaganda should be pro- moted with the object of encouraging the further employ- ment of scientific methods and, therefore, of scientific men in industry, and it is suggested, for instance, that, in the Insti- tute's scheme of lectures on technological subjects, employers and men connected with the industries concerned should be invited; that the chemists should ensure that their work receives greater attention in the technical press of various industries, and that scientific development should be brought before the notice of Industrial Councils, so that both 10 employers and men may realise the bearing of science on industry. Revision of Bye-Laws.-The General Purposes Com- mittee have received suggestions from the Committees of the various Local Sections and from some of the Honorary Corresponding Secretaries of the Institute with regard to the revision of the Bye-laws, which they have now under very careful consideration.They regret that it will not be possible to submit the Bye-laws to a General Meeting of the Institute in time to allow for their coming into operation before the election of the new Council. The arrangements for the election of the Council at the Annual General Meeting on March Ist, 1920, will, therefore, be proceeded with under the existing Bye-laws. Chemists in War.-The Joint Committee of the Institute of Chemistry and the Institute of Metals, which has under consideration the position of chemists and metallurgists in the Services and in the Reserve, and the action to be taken towards securing for them due recognition and adequate status, has received information from various sources with regard to the position of Officers (chemists and metallurgists) attached to the Navy, R.A.O.C., R.E.(Special Brigade and I.W.T.), R.A.M.C., and the R.A.F. They are of opinion that there is ground for complaint that the status of chemists and metal- lurgists is inadequately recognised in official quarters and that this is mainly due to the lack of appreciation of the technical nature of the work of such officers and of the scope and character of the education and training required for the practice of chemistry and metallurgy. The Committee appre- hend that, notwithstanding all the scientific service rendered during the war, there is a danger that the vital importance of such service to the State will be overlooked, unless the Government Departments concerned can be brought to realise the rights and claims of science and of scientific men. The 11 Committee are investigating the matter and will report in due course.Brit ish Eng i neering Standards Association.-In response to an invitation from the British Engineering Stan- dards Association to nominate a representative to serve on the Aircraft Sub-committee on Chemicals of the Association, the Council have asked Mr. F. W. Harbord, C.B.E., to act in that capacity. As, however, the reference to the Sub-committee includes matters relating to organic materials, Mr.Harbord has asked that a second representative be nominated, and this suggestion has been forwarded to the Association. The Regulations.-The Nominations and Examinations Committee, jointly with the General Purposes Committee, the Board of Examiners and the Chemical Technology Examina- tions Board, have now under consideration the general revision of the Regulations, especially with regard to the scope and character of examinations for the Associateship and Fellowship. I nstitutions.-The following institutions have been added to the list of those formally recognised by the Council for the training of Candidates for the Examinations of the Institute :-London : The Sir John Cass Technical Institute ; Southampton : University College.Examinations.-At the examinations for the Associate- ship held in July seven candidates presented themselves. The following were successful :-In Mineral Chemistry .-Lieut. Cecil William Wood. In Organic Chemistry : Lewis Guy Peirson, R.A. (Cantab.), and John Edwin Pollock, B.Sc. (Lond.). In Chemical Technology, .rwitla Tentile Chemistry as sjvcial sutject : Percy Edwin Stanhope. The examination papers are given on pp. 14-20. Academic Robes.-An anonymous correspondent writes to the Institute periodically from Sheffield, suggesting the adoption of academic robes by Members of the Institute. This suggestion was under consideration in 1911,when the opinion of the Members was invited, with the result that less than 10 per cent.showed any interest in it and less than 7 per cent. were in favour of it. Anonymous Letters.-In addition to the above the Institute has received other anonymous letters from time to time on other subjects of professional interest. The reason for anonymity is not apparent, but some of the matters referred to in the letters cannot be dealt with unless the writers will disclose their identity. Personal .-Professor Arthur W. Crossley, C.M.G., F.R.S., has been appointed Director of Research by the British Cotton Industry Research Association. Mr. F. G. Edmed, O.B.E., of the Directorate of Chemical Inspection, Royal Arsenal, Woolwic h, has been appointed Superintending Chemist, Admiralty Inspection Department, Holton Heath.Lieut.-Colonel S. J. M. Auld, D.S.O., M.C., D.Sc., Ph.D., has been awarded the American Distinguished Service Medal. Professor Alexander Findlay, D.Sc., has left Aberystwyth and has been appointed to the Chair of Chemistry at the University of Aberdeen. Mr. F. W. Dootson, M.A., has been appointed University Lecturer in Chemistry at Cambridge. Professor G. G. Henderson, LL.D., F.R.S., has proceeded to the Regius Chair of Chemistry at the University of Glasgow. Captain J. W. McBain, M.A., Ph.D., has been appointed to the new Chair of Physical Chemistry at the University of Bristol. Professor Gilbert T. Morgan, D.Sc., F.R.S., has been appointed Professor of Chemistry at the University of Bir-mingham on the retirement of Professor Percy F.Frankland. Dr. Samuel Smiles, O.B.E., F.R.S., has been appointed to the new Chair of Organic Chemistry at Armstrong College, Newcastle-on-Tyne. 13 The following appointments have been made in connection with the Department of Chemistry at the Royal Technical College, Glasgow :-Professor Thomas Gray, D.Sc., Ph.D., to be Professor of Technical Chemistry; Captain F. J. Wilson, D.Sc., Ph.D., to be Professor of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry ; Lieut.-Colonel I. M. Heilbron, D.S.O., Ph.D., to be Professor of Organic Chemistry. Professor Percy F. Frankland, F.R.S., has been awarded the Davy Medal of the Royal Society for his distinguished work in chemistry, especially that on optical activity and on fermentation.Dr. R. H. Pickard, F.R.S., has been appointed Principal of the Battersea Polytechnic. Dr. R. D. Abell has been appointed Head of the Depart- ment of Chemistry, and Dr. L. L. Lloyd has been appointed Head of the Department of Dyeing, in the Bradford Technical College. 14 Examination for the Associateshi p. Branch (a).-Mineral Chemistry. July 7th to llth, 1919. MONDAY, JULY 7th: 10 a.m.to 1 p.m. 1. Describe the preparation of the peroxides of sodium, lead, manganese and cerium. Compare their reactions, and discuss the constitution of metallic peroxides. 2. Give methods for the estimation of minute quantities of :-(a) Hydrogen chloride and carbon dioxide in chlorine. (b) Oxides of nitrogen in flue gas. (c) Carbon monoxide in air.3. Give an account of the allotropic forms of silica. Discuss the bearing of these on the behaviour of refractory silica bricks in use. 4. Give an account of the methods in commercial use for the preparation of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide from common salt. Discuss the methods of conversion of the chlorine of the salt into a saleable product, and. the relative values of the bye-products from the economic standpoint. 5. Write a short essay on one of the following :-(a) The application of X-rays to the study of crystal structure. (b) The double fluorides and their applications. (c) The compounds of metals with nitrogen. TUESDA Y, JULY 8th : 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. Make a complete analysis of the aluminium alloy.(This exercise may be completed to-morrow. ) WEDNESDAY, JULY 9th : 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. Complete the analysis of the aluminium alloy. Make an analysis of the coal gas supplied to your bench. THURSDAY, JULY 10th : 10 a.m. to 4.30p.m. Prepare a specimen of vanadyl chloride from the impure vanadium pentoxide supplied. (This exercise may be completed to-morrow.) Determine the nature and amounts of the impurities in the same sample of vanadium pentoxide. FRIDAY, JULY 11th: 10 a.m. to 4.30p.m. Complete the analysis of the vanadium pentoxide. Prepare some pure ammonium vanadate and from this a speeimen of pure vanadium pentoxide. 15 Branch (d).-0rganic Chemistry. July 7th to llth, 1919. ikIONDAY, JULY 7th : 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.(Five questions only to be attempted.) 1. Illustrate the manner in which the more important sulphonic acids of (a)the naphthylamines ; (b) the naphthols ; and (c) the amidonaphthols can be utilised in the formation of azo-colouring matters. 2. Indicate the relationship between Laudanosine and Papaverine and describe the methods which have been used for the synthesis of these alkaloids. 3. Discuss, by referring to the preparation and properties of the hexahydrophthalic acids, the stereoisomerism which is associated with the occurrence of asymmetry in fully reduced carbon ring compounds. Give your reasons for supposing that some of these acids would be capable and some incapable of being resolved into optical enantiomorphs. 4. Write a short essay on the phenomenon of colour as exhibited by organic compounds.5. d-Fructose, although strongly laevo-rotatory, is so called on account of its relationship with d-Glucose. Explain this relationship and show how the configurations of the two sugars have been determined. 6. Indicate the relationship between stearic and oleic acids and describe the manner in which the structures of these substances have been determined. Give a short account of the method by which the change from oleic acid to stearic acid has been accomplished industrially. TUESDAY, JULY 8th : 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. Substance Ais the hydrated calcium salt of an organie acid and contains 14.2 per cent. of calcium. You are required to prepare a specimen of the pure acid and of its anilide and to determine the melting point of each.Determine the general structure of the acid so far as you are able to do so in the time at your disposal. (The acid contains Carbon = 35.8, Hydrogen = 4.5, Oxygen = 59.7 per cent.) (Calcium diglycollate). WEDhTEBDAY,JULY 9th :10 a.m. to 4.30p.m. -4nalyse qualitatively the given mixture 13, which does not contain more than three constituents, and estimate the amount of any one constituent (Aniline oxalate, oxanilide and Maltose). THURSDAY, JULY 10th : 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. From the sample of toluene provided (C) prepare a pure specimen of ortho- and of para-toluidine. FRIDAY, JULY 11th : 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. From the crude sulphonic acid chloride (D) provided prepare a specimenof the amide.Examine the behaviour of the amide when it is treated with a concentrated solution of bleaching powder and the cooled solution is cautiously acidified by acetic acid. Estimate the amount of chlorine attached to nitrogen present in the purified product formed (Toluenepara-sulphonic chloride). 16 Branch @).-Chemistry of Food and Drugs, etc. July 7th to 12th, 1919. MONDAY, JULY 7th :10 am. to 1 p.m. 1. Give some general account of the chemical structure of Proteins and of what takes place chemically in their physiological digestion. 2. Make a diagrammatic sketch of the structure of a polarimeter and explain precisely what is meant by the “specific rotation ”of a substance. Explain in detail how you would ascertain this in the case of (1) a soluble carbohydrate, and (2) of an essential oil.3. A sample of milk gives on analysis :-Fat ............ 3.2 Non-fatty solids. . ........ 8.0 Proteids ............ 3-75 Ash .. ...... -78 Milk sugar (by difference) ...... 3-47 What would be your conclusion from these results ? 4. Give an account of the origin and of the chemical properties of Aconitinc. Discuss its action as a poison and the means available for its identification as to the cause of death. 5. Give a full account of the various methods used in the identification of blood. stains. 6. State the composition and medicinal doses of Syrupus Chloral, Pulvis Ipecacuanha Compositus, Tinctura Quininae Ammoniata, Tinctura Nucis Vomicae, Tinctura Digitalis and Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum.Enumerate the official preparations of Iodine and Morphine. MONDAY, JULY 7th :2 p.m. to 5 p.m. 1. The white powder A was sold as Calomel. Examine and report upon it. 2. Examine microscopically and describe the suspended matter present 3. Make slides and drawings of the powder C, and indicate its probable in the sample of water B. nature. TUESDAY, JULY 8th :10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. Determine the nitrogen in the sample A. Identify the substances B and C (Quinine sulphate and Lactose). IYEDhlESDA I’,JUL Y 9th :10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. Report on the genuineness of the sample of butter. Determine the quantity of boracic preservative (stated as Boric Acid) in the sample of milk. TH URSDAY,JULY 10th :10 a.m.to 4.30 p.m. Determine the percentages of lime and of phosphoric acid in the sample of slag.Determine the proportion of nitric nitrogen in the sample of water. FRIDAY, JULY 11th: 10 a.m. to 4.30p.m. Determine the available chlorine in the sample of chloride of lime. Examine the sample of wine submitted to you for alkaloid, quantita- tively and qualitatively (Brucine). 17 TRANS LATI ON. Time allowed : 2 hours. Loxyde de carbone n’est pas dkcomposh par les feuilles; Th. de Saussure, Boussingault et nous-meme, dans les experiences que nous venons de rapporter, n’avons jamais pu constater la moindre trace d’oxyghe ap&s insolation de feuilles maintenues dans l’oxyde de carbone dilue d’hydroghne ; aussi avait-on admis que la decomposition de l’acide carbonique par les feuilles n’est ps complhte, et qu’elle fournit seulement de l’oxyde de carbone et de l’oxyghe; mais comme dans ce cas le volume d‘oxyghe mis en libertk.ne serait que la mditie de celui que renferme l’acide carbonique, on avait Btk conduit it supposer que l’eau se d6compose en meme temps, et fournit par sa decomposition le demi-volume d’oxyghe manquant pour parfaire celui qui existe dans l’acide carbonique. Cette manikre de voir est purement hypothetique ; en efTet, la dCcom- position de l’eau n’a jamais kt4 demontrke. En outre, dans l’hypothhse prbckdente, on suppose que les deux residus hydroghe et oxyde de carbone s’unissent pour former la premihre matibre organique, point de dBprt de toutes les autres, matiere qui, comme nous le verrons plus loin, est sans doute l’aldkhyde methylique CH,O; or, quand on met au contact des feuilles QclairBes un melange d‘oxyde de carbone et d’hydroghne, on ne voit en aucune fagon le volume du gaz diminuer.I1 semble dhs lors qu’il faille reprksenter cette rbaction fondamentale sous une autre forme ; on peut supposer que l’acide carbonique forme avec l’eau un hydrate COzHzO et que c’est cet hydrate qui se dkcompose avec Bmission d’oxygene : COzHzO = O2 + CH20. P. P. Deheran. Und in der That, wenn man einen Blick in die altere Litteratur der Terpene waif, erschien es auch nicht gerade verlockend, sich mit dem Gegenstand zu beschiftigen. Es lag eine kaum ubersehbare Fulle von Einzelbeobachtungen vor.In den Handbuchern wurde eine sehr grosse Anzahl von Terpenen aufgefiihrt, die man je nach ihrer Herkunft mit einem besonderen Namen belegte und die man zum mindesten bezuglich ihrer physikalischen Eigenschaften fur wirklich different von einander hielt. Dass einige der Forscher, welche eingehendere Untersuchungen auf diesem Arbeitsfeld ausgefuhrt hatten, sich correctere und bestimmtere Vorstel-lungen uber den Zusammenhang der Terpene gebildet haben, als aus der Litteratur ersichtlich ist, mag wohl sein. Wirkliche Klarheit war aber jedenfalls in keinem Punkt erreicht. Wollte man solche in das weit ver- zweigte und verworrene Gebiet hineinbringen, so war Folgendes anzustreben ; Erstem :Es mussten fur alle wirklich von einander verschiedenen Terpene so scharfe und bestimmte Merkmale der Eigenschaften festgestellt werden, dass eine Erkennung und Unterscheidung der chemischen Individuen unschwer moglich wurde.Zweitens mussten auf Grundlage einer solchen genauen Charakteristik das Verhalten und die gegenseitigen Beziehungen der einzelnen Kohlenwas- serstoffe, narnentlich in Rucksicht auf ihre Eigenschaft in einander uber- gehen zu konnen, ermittelt werden. Erst nach Erfiillung dieser beiden Vorbedingungen konnte dann D7itten.s eine nahere Erforschung der einzelnen Verbindungenhinsichtlich ihrer Constitution wirklichen Erfolg versprechen. Walluch, Berichte, 1891. 18 Branch (g).-Chemical Technology. Subject Selected : Textile Chemistry, Dyes, their properties and application, Bleaching and Works Practice.At Bradford Technical College :July 14th to 17th, 1919. Special Examiner : Professor WALTER M. GARDNER,M.Sc., F.I.C., assisted by Dr. L. L. LLOYD,F.I.C. PAPERS IN GENERAL CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY. JULY 14th, 1919 : 9.30 a.m. to 12.30 p.m. FOURquestiona ONLY are to be attem,pted. Where possible give equations and sketches. 1. How would you treat effluents from the following works to make them suibble for discharging into a river ? (a)ammonia liquor works ; (b) laundry ; (c) paper works. 2. Describe some method of obtaining dry zinc oxide from a crude zinc chloride solution containing iron. Mention the types of apparatus used in pract.ice. 3. Small quantit,ies of sulphuretted hydrogen are contained in the gases leaving a chemical plant. How would you treat the gases to remove it and thus prevent atmospheric pollution ? 4.What means would you adopt at a power station to prevent water when used for condensing purposes, corroding the brass tubes of, say, a turbo-generator, where, through the building of too short a chimney, the water during cooling by means of towers becomes acid through absorption of sulphur dioxide ? 5. How would you manufacture solid and liquid sodium bisulphite, the source of sulphur available being spent oxide ? 6. Discuss the use of gaseous fuels for stwm raising purposes. 2 p.m. fo 5 p.m. FOURquestions ONLY are to be attempted. Where possible give equations and sketches. 1. Describe the chief catalytic processes used for the manufacture of 2.It is proposed to erect a plant for the production of 96-98 per cent. sulphuric acid. What is your view of catalytic action ? sulphuric acid from acid of 35-40 per cent., acid of 68 per cent., and acid of 80 per cent. What type and construction of plant would you advise in each case ? 3. Discuss types of plant used for the production of common salt from 4. What type of fuel would you advise (a)for raising steam for an mineral brine, pointing out the difficulties that have to be overcome. electrical generating plant working at a constant pressure of 120 lbs. per square inch, and (6) for a dye-house working at approximately 801b. pressure ? 19 Which of the following available fuels would be most economical for each of the two uses ? Coal analysis.A. B. C. GI. value ..13,796 13,540 13,990 Moisture .. 1-6per cent. 4.5 per cent. 6-2per cent. Ash .... 3-1 .. 11.2 ,, 8-8 99 Cost per ton .. 3416 2813 2719 5. Which of the following water supplies would you select for dye-housepurposes and which for steam raising for power purposes ? Would either water be more suitable if treated ? if so, state your method of treatment. Analysis. A. B. Total solids ........ 37.5 36.2 grains pergallon.Temp. hardness ........ 6.1 3.8 Perm. hardness ........ nil. 13.4 Abalinity (Na,CO,) ...... 11-2 -Lime factor ........ 5-2 7.2 Analysis of total solids. Silica ...... .... 0.69 042 Iron and aluminium oxides ....0.56 0.82 Calcium carbonate .. .... 4-20 3-80 Magnesium carbonate .. .... 1.60 -Sodium carbonate .. .... 11.20 -Calcium sulphate .. .... -10.88 Mignesium sulphate .. .... -6.48 Sodium chloride.. .. .... 12.12 11.04 ,, sulphate.. .. .... 6.31 2-15 Organic matter ., .. .... 0.82 0.61 6. Discuss the modern adaptation of electricity to the deposition of dust, smoke, and liquid particles from gases. TEXTILE CHEMISTRY. JULY 15th, 1919 :9.30 a.m. to 12.30 p.m. Fooa questions ONLY are to be attempted. Where possible give equations and sketches. 1. Write a short essayon the action of sodium hypochlorite solutions upon cotton, wool, and silk. Which of the reactions mentioned are utilised commercially, and what objects are attained thereby ? 2.What different types of bleaching agents are used in the textile 3. What is understood by mercerisation ? What different methods of 4. How is hydrochloric acid manufactured, and what are the impurities industries, and why and when is each employed ? mercerisation are used and how is each carried out ? met with that may lead to defects in (a) the production of aniline black, and in (b)the removal of silk from waste ? 5. What kind of oil would you employ for (a)the lubrication of a main shaft of a dye-house containing 24 becks of 300 gallons capacity ;(a)the 20 lubrication of a loom for light weight silk goods ; and (c) a loom for heavyworsted coatings ? Give reasons for your selections. 6. How would you test and evaluate samples of alpha-naphthylamineand para-nitraniline for use in the product,ion of ingrain dyes ? 2 p.m.to 5 p.m. questions ONLY to be attempted. Where possible give equat'ions and FOUR sketches. 1. Classify the dyestuffs that are applied to cotton, into groups of different fastnesses to the varying agencies they have to withstand, and mention the chief applications for which the different types are employed. 2. What do you understand by the term " mordant dyestuffs " ? What methods are used for the production of chrome lakes upon wool ? State the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods from a technical Standpoint, including the question of cost ? 3. Write a short essay on the various theories of dyeing. 4.What derivatives of hydro-sulphurous acid are used in textile chemical work ? Give a short account of their preparation, properties and uses. 5. What objections are there to the use of oxidisable oils and resin in the manufacture of textile soaps ? 6. Describe the production of beta-naphthol and give its more important commercial applications. What impurities are objectionable for its appli-cation by the dyer ? PRACTICAL EXAMINATION. JULY 16t&l7th, 1919. 1. Identify the dyestuff supplied. 2. To which chemical groups do the dyes present on the fabric aupplied 3. Make a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the sample of 4. Identify the fibres A, B, C & D. belong ? Identify the individual dyestuffs if possible.mordant. The candidate was examined orally in General Chemistry and in the interpretation of Drawings of Plant and Machinery, and was required to translate passages from French and German technical literature. 21 Local Sections. The Rules. for Local Sections, with slight variations intro- duced at the suggestion of the respective Committees of the Sections-have been generally adopted, and copies are now obtainable from the Honorary Secretaries. Birmingham. -The Birmingham Local Section was inaugurated at a meeting held in the Chamber of Commerce, New Street, Birmingham, on November 13th, 1918,when Dr. E. W. Smith was elected chairman. Since that time four general meetings have been held, at which matters concerning the professional interests of chemists have been discussed.Mr. Farrar opened a discussion on “ The Recognition and Remuneration of Chemists ” ; Dr. E. W. Smith on the subject of “ The Training of the Works Chemical Staff ” ; Messrs. H. Silvester and A. E. Tucker on “ State and Municipal-Aided Research Laboratories and the Consulting Chemist ” ; and Mr. F. C. A. H. Lantsberry discussed “ The Relations between the Chemist and the Engineer.’’ On the whole, the session has been a very promising one. Fifty-three Fellows and Asso-ciates have definitely joined the Local Section, and it is hoped that there will be a considerable influx of new Members after the annual general meeting, which will be held on Decem- ber Ist, 1919. The Section is working in close co-operation with the Local Section of the Society of Chemical Industry, with whom a joint Dinner and Social Evening has been arranged during the present session.-Hon.Secretary : Fred. C. A. H. Lantsberry, M.Sc., F.I.C., 63, Walford Road, Sparkbrook, Birmingham. East of Scotland Section. -The Annual General Meeting, at which the election of members of Committee E 22 and office bearers will take place, will be held in the Cockburn Hotel, on Friday, December Izth, at 7.30 p.m. The Secretary would be glad if Fellows and Associates residing in the East of Scotland area who do not receive notices of meetings would forward their names to be entered on the list of members of the district. Honorary Secretary, B. D.W. Luff, F.I.C., 85, Ashley Terrace, Edinburgh. Gretna Section.-Meetings have been arranged for November 14th, December nth, and January 9th, to be held at 6.15 p.m., in the Scientific Room, Staff Social Club, Eastriggs. Hon. Secretary, William Caw, F.I.C., H.M. Factory, Gretna. Irish Section.-The Annual General Meeting will be held on Friday, November 21st, at 4.15p.m., at the Royal College of Science, Dublin. Honorary Secretary : Dr. A. G. G. Leonard, A.R.C.S.I., BSc., F.I.C. Liverpool and North-Western Counties Section.-Meetings of the Liverpool Section are held monthly, on the second Thursday, at the North-Western Hotel, Lime Street, Liverpool, at 7.3~p.m., except during the summer vacation. Hon. Secretary, John Hanley, F.I.C., 7, University Road, Bootle, Liverpool.London and South Eastern Counties Section.-The Committee of the Section have forwarded a more detailed report of the meeting held on June 25th, referred to in Part 111. (P-27).The agenda included a proposition that the Council of the Institute should be asked to ascertain “ the position of Members in relation to the Wages Temporary Regulation Act, 1918, or the Consolidation Act, 1896, and, if possible, to ask for arbitra- tion under these Acts to fix the minimum salary of chemists (men or women, Members of the Institute).” Mr. C. S. Garland, in moving the resolution, expressed his opinion that the Institute should safeguard the interests of 23 chemists and endeavour to secure their adequate remuneration.He proposed that a salary of E3oo should be regarded as the minimum. The first few years of a chemist’s career were of the utmost importance, as it was usually the period of life in which he had the greatest capacity for work and in which his chance of success was determined. A competent chemist should receive at least i300, and employers would be willing to pay that sum for men who could not only do their work, but were capable of taking responsibility. Referring to consultants in independent practice, Mr. Garland remarked that they would pay larger salaries if they could agree among themselves not to employ unqualified assistants and would demand higher fees than those commonly charged. In teaching, the low salaries paid to junior demonstrators were excused by the College authorities on the ground that the appointments were given to senior students who were still in training.They should be adequately remunerated ; and demonstrators and lecturers proportionately at a much higher rate than at present. With regard to some official appointments, Mr. Garland contendedAthat they were paid less than unskilled workmen. Dr. Stanley Walpole, speaking in support of the proposition, said that if it were possible to secure a minimum salary of l300 the position of the senior members of the profession would be correspondingly improved. He was in favour of an Associa- tion being formed to secure this object. Mr. Bernard Howard, in criticising the proposal, suggested that if it were adopted, Fellows and Associates would no longer be available for routine work.He hoped that the minimum would not tend to be the maximum; he was not sure that it would not become so; but it would tend to make a Trade Union of the Institute. He thought that there were other methods by which better conditions could be secured ; but he did not see how a minimum salary could be enforced. Mr, Garland said that if the proposal received general support it would be for the Council of the Institute to decide the action to be taken. Mr. E. M. Hawkins said that he did not know of any other 24 profession having prescribed a minimum salary. There were chemists who were specially suited for routine work and were not capable beyond that ; they were very necessary, but the value of such work was limited.If a minimum were fixed, there would still be the necessity of making some decision with regard to the unqualified men who were capable of doing routine work. He was not inclined to vote for the pro- position. Dr. Blackler, speaking in support, said that the prevalence of low salaries was largely due to the chemists themselves. They often failed through undertaking positions requiring industrial experience on a scale beyond their capacity. Mr. R. Leslie Collett and Mr. G. S. Heaven, having spoken against the proposition, Miss Chatt expressed the hope that women would endeavour to stand out for the same minimum salary as men. Mr. J. H. Powell indicated that not a few qualified men were prepared at the present time to take less than E3oo in order to get back to normal professional work ; but he was in sympathy with the proposition as moved by Mr.Garland, hoping that manufacturers would not regard that sum as a maximum. Dr. Fyleman also spoke in support. He thought chemists were being better remunerated than they had been in the past ; they were now better organised and an endeavour should be made to secure the minimum suggested for Members of the Institute. Dr. Oscar Brady opposed the proposition on the ground that as the Institute was not a Trade Union, aminimum rate of pay could not be enforced. The Members must secure proper remuneration for themselves and, as far as possible, refuse less than the suggested minimum.He agreed that an organisation should be formed on Trade Union lines which should be supported by chemists and should support them until they obtained work. The Institute had no right to enforce a minimum salary and had no power to remove a Member who accepted less. 25 Finally, on the motion of Prof. Brame, and with the con-currence of Mr. Garland, the meeting decided to invite an expression of opinion from other Local Sections on the question. Dr. Brady’s resolution suggesting that the Council should be asked to obtain a return of salaries for whole-time appoint- ments was then adopted. (See pp. 5-6.) The first Annual Meeting of the Section will be held at the Institute on Wednesday, November 26th.Hon. Sec. :-William Bacon, B.Sc., F.I.C., 27, Walbrook, London, E.C. 4. Manchester Section.-Mr. David Cardwell, Hon. Sec. of the Manchester Section, has notified change of address to 14, Blair Road, Alexandra Park, Manchester, S.W. Newcastle Section.-A meeting will be held on Friday, November zrst, at 7.30 p.m., in the rooms of the Chemical Industry Club, Drawing Room Caf6, Brunswick Place, off Northumberland Street. Hon. Sec. , pro tern., Dr. J. T. Dunn, F.I.C., Public Analyst’s Laboratory, 10,Dean Street, New- castle. 26 Appointments The work in connection with the Appointments Register has been very heavy since the Armistice, while considerable numbers of chemists have been demobilised from the forces and released from Government work. However, a steady flow of notifications of vacancies for various branches of work has been received, so that notwithstanding the constant addition of newcomers to the list the general position has on the whole improved.The number of names now on the Register is less than three-fifths the highest record in any one week during the period indicated and was at one time less than one-half. The number of members in receipt of notices, however, does not represent the number unemployed, as it includes many who are seeking to change their positions. It is frequently found that those who obtain appointments, through the aid of the Register or otherwise, neglect to have their names withdrawn. This incurs unnecessary work and expense.Another difficulty arises from the fact that com-panies and firms requiring the services of chemists are in most cases looking for applications from those who have already had experience in a particular industry, often highly specialised. If no such candidate happens to be available it is often diffi- cult to convince the prospective employers that a well-trained chemist without specialised knowledge will soon be able to adapt himself to their needs. Such specialists are usually already in employment, and sometimes it happens that one who has been disposed to change his position will, on notifying his present employers, be offered inducements to remain with them. These negotiations, while of benefit to chemists already in appointments, obstruct the progress of those who are not so satisfactorily placed.Nevertheless, it would not be right to maintain the Register solely for those who are disengaged ; because under the present arrange- ment it affords a most useful agency for advancing chemists whose positions offer poor prospects or are otherwise subject to unsatisfactory conditions, while the vacancies they leave afford l1 stepping-off ” ground for others who are seeking experience. Under the present system of notifying vacancies, all Members on the Appointments Register are afforded an equal chance of candidature; but it has been suggested that the Institute should select and recommend candidates, having regard to their respective circumstances. The Council feel, however, that this responsibility should not be put upon the executive officers who are given wide discretion to assist all candidates in the best interest of the profession generally and without favour.The use of the Register is available to members and also, for the present, to chemists other than members who have been on active service, who receive particulars not only of appointments notified exclusively to the Institute, but of many abstracted from other duly acknowledged sources, numbering, in all, on the average about forty weekly, and varying widely in scope and circumstances. Appointments for unqualified chemists are also occasionally notified to students who have looked to the Institute for assistance, and are often offered on partly reciprocal terms, under which young assistants without means may receive a nominal 7alary and gain experience in return for their services, with opportunities for supplementing their training by attend-ance at classes.Frequent applications are received, too, from senior students who desire to work in private laboratories during the greater part of the summer vacation, and the Registrar will be glad to hear from Fellows who are able to help them to gain experience in this way, since it affords them an insight into practice and an introduction which may prove valuable when they have qualified and are ready to proceed to their first appointments. There is general agreement, how- ever, that, except for the opportunities of experience during vacations, students are well advised to complete their college training before attempting any specialisation, and that in any case in which articles of pupilage are entered into, provision should be made for attendance at systematic courses in chemistry, physics and allied sciences in a recognised institution with a view to obtaining a definite qualification.Such students are advised to keep in touch with the office of the Institute during their training. Evidence in the possession of the Institute points to the fact that in the past many companies and firms have paid too little attention to the importance of securing well-trained chemists, alid as a result have suffered severely at the hands of their far-seeing competitors.Improvement in the position of British industry and of the status of chemists themselves will follow in proportion as directors realise the necessity of attracting, to their laboratories and works, chemists of the highest competence who will ensure the employment of properly trained assistants and have due regard, in turn, to the prospects of such assistants. 29 Ex-Service Chemists. The Minister of Labour has addressed a special appeal to the professions on behalf of men whose careers have been interrupted by service with the forces and who wish to become qualified under the Government Training Grant Scheme. In many professions-the law, architecture, surveying, accountancy, various branches of engineering-the training includes experience in an office or on works, and it is customary, in such instances, for the principals to receive premiums from their pupils.Under the above scheme, however, professional men are asked to share with the State the responsibility of helping ex-service men to become resettled in civilian life, and to take them as pupils without requiring the payment of any PIemium. Fortunately, several thousand openings of this kind have been provided ; but more are required. While the scheme assists the individual, the aim is to replace the loss of professional men of the highest type. So far as chemistry is concerned, therefore, the Ministry holds that officers and men who desire to follow this profession should have attained a standard of education suitable to secure their admission to a definite University Course for a recognised degree or diploma; and such officers and men have been recommended, to apply for grants under the Board of Education Scheme for Service Students.This decision accords with the views expressed to the Ministry by the Institute, and reported in Proceedings, Part II., 1919(pp.41 -44). A few exceptions have been made under which the Ministry of Labour has provided grants for chemists, but in such cases the training firms have made provision for the candidates to take systematic training in chemistry and allied scientific subjects at recognised institutions. The training 30 firm is expected to provide a salary according to the ,attain- ments of the candidate, and the grants made are, therefore, on a lower basis than under the Board of Education Scheme.Nearly 800 members and students of the Institute, or rather more than 25 per cent. of the total, have been on active service. This is to be regarded as a remarkable record in view of the necessity of retaining trained chemists for munitions work. The fatal casualties, however, compared with those among men of other professions, have been less heavy, largely due, no doubt, to the transference of considerable numbers from the field to munitions factories during the later years of the war. On the other hand, the normal output of chemists from the universities and colleges has been practically stopped for four years.In spite of these facts, the supply of trained and competent men is at present considerably in excess of the demand, while the chemical departments of the universities and colleges are so full that the accommodation is insufficient for the applicants. It is obvious, therefore, that, unless the industries of the country become alive to the importance of employing chemists in greater numbers, there will be a prospect of serious overcrowding of the profession three or four years hence. In these circumstances every effort should be directed to assisting the trained and qualified chemists now available to secure appointments and to encourage in every way possible their absorption into industry. The Appointments Register of the Institute is available to all who have served with the forces; many have already secured appointments by this means, and no trouble will be spared to help others to regain their position in professional life.All members of the Institute and employers of chemists are invited to co-operate in this department of the Institute’s work, for it is far more desirable at the present time to resettle qualified men than to make vacancies in private laboratories and works for those who have not completed their college training and will not readily be able to do so unless they obtain the State aid which may be afforded them under the Board of Education Scheme. 31 Professional Institutions. The question is occasionally asked, what is the use of the chartered professional organisations ? A member of the Institute will occasionally ask what return he gets for his support.He is usually conscious of some pride in his member- ship, and has a vague idea that he is doing the right thing in promoting the common good of his calling ; but sometimes he looks for a tangible return without regard to the larger view of his position as a citizen. It may be well, therefore, to review the matter broadly. Few people realise the extent of the influence for good exercised by the chartered professional bodies generally ; few even of the members themselves of such institutions have considered the effect of their keeping alive the corporate spirit of their profession, as much for the good of their country as for themselves collectively and individually. Every new student and every new member is a potential factor in pro- moting the efficiency of his profession and of his country, whether his interest lies in law, medicine, art, engineering, architecture, accountancy, surveying, science, music, jour- nalism, or any other of the higher intellectual callings which are commonly called professional.During the past century, Royal Charters have been granted by the Crown to about twenty-five organisations whose aim is to promote efficiency in professional and technical service. Under the provisions of their respective charters, these organisations have been controlled by councils, representative of the various branches of each profession, who have formulated systematic schemes of training for professional life, have prescribed examinations, and have awarded diplomas which in the course of time have come to be recognised and accepted by the public as evidence of competency to practise.Their aim is to provide competent service ; their duty is to maintain the supply of such service ; and their reputation depends on the adequate fulfilment of this duty. They have been built up by years of unsellish devotion on the part of successive councils, who have regarded it both an honour and a privilege to be elected to the control of affairs in their pmfession ; they have not shirked it, even though it has often involved considerable sacrifice. Such organisations have not only raised the status of the professions concerned, but have contributed to the advance- ment of knowledge, discovery and invention, to improvements of methods in industry and commerce, and to the general welfare and comfort of the community.They have in many cases given the lead to the universities and colleges in showing the need for higher technical training, and may thus claim to have stimulated the utilitarian, together with the purely academic, side of education ; moreover their influence in that direction has reacted on our educational system, by stimulating the activities of the technical colleges, some of which have, in the course of time, become universities. The educational influence of professional institutions among their members is further extended by meetings for the reading of papers, discussion and interchange of opinion, as well as by their publications and the provision of libraries.Another aspect of the activity of professional bodies is in the furtherance of legislation, since the weight of opinion which they are able to bring to bear on public matters, pressing for reform, makes for better administration and con- stitutional stability. At the same time, as departments of Government become aware of the existence of such bodies, they turn increasingly to them for advice and assistance on the matters with which they are directly concerned. As to the more direct benefit of the individual member, the mere possession of the hall-mark of professional competence gives him a status among his brethren.A young member of any profession rarely obtains a start in life except through the assistance of his elders, and scarcely any member can remain entirely independent of the help and advice which his fellows are able and almost invariably willing to give him as occasion arises. When first qualified he has a right to recognition as a member of his profession, and a sense of esprit de corps and responsibility in upholding its prestige. He must have regard to the ethics obtaining in his profession, relying upon others to do the same, and recognising that he has duties as well as privileges in his relations to his fellows and to the public. Other benefits usually include the right of attending meetings and lectures, the use of a library, the receipt of a journal, and a voice in the direction of the affairs of his profession.He can look to his Institution for advice on many matters and, though as an individual he may not do so frequently, he will know that others have a similar advantage and that collec- tively the advisory work of his professional body is consider- able. If he is a keen member it may be his privilege to become a member of the council, or even attain the distinction of serving as an officer of his institution. Again, the meetings of these bodies afford opportunities, not only for the elder members to give the younger the benefit of their knowledge and experience, but for those of the coming generation to bring new life into the proceedings, as they frequently do, with credit to themselves and to the advantage of others.They are not established for purposes of gain, nor do the members thereof derive or seek any direct pecuniary advantage from their membership. They are not trade unions, and are not intended to be ; but their work, their influence on public opinion, their promotion of esprit de corfis, all tend to main- tain and raise the social status of their members, and ultimately to improve the economic position of their members. 34 Scientific and Industrial Research. The Report of the Committee of the Privy Council for Scientific and Industrial Research for the year 1918-19, recently published (Cmd. 320) deals with proceedings covering the twelve months ending July yst, 1919.While the aim of the Department is the systematic encouragement and organisation of research in industry generally, the investigations undertaken during the first four years of its existence have, in a considerable measure, been .directed to the solution of .problems arising from the war, in which the Department has been able to render valuable assistance. The Committee states that a marked change is taking place in the attitude of industry towards scientific research, and that masters and men are beginning to recognise its vital importance. The scheme of co-operative Research Associations, adopted on the recommendation of the Advisory Council, has been welcomed by many industries, and its success, so far as the Government is concerned, is considered to be assured.The future of the Associations rests with the indus- tries themselves. If they are worked with the same interest and broad outlook that the leadexs have shown in bringing them into existence they will without doubt become most potent agencies in revivifying our manufactures and in showing the way to the better production on which the solvency of the nation depends. (The Committee appears to be apprehensive of a shortage of competent scientific workers, but, so far as chemists are concerned, the demand at present is certainly not sufficient to absorb the available talent released from the services and from war work.) The Department is undertaking investigations for vax ious other Departments of State, and-in addition to the Industrial 85 Research Associations, the National Physical Laboratory and the Fuel Research Station-is taking over the administration of the Geological Survey and Museum which have hitherto been attached to the Board of Education.Reference is made to the Fuel Research Board, the comple- tion of its laboratories, the progress made with its Research Station, its work on Gas Standards, and the proposal that the Board shall be entrusted with the study of the problems suggested in the " Report of the Inter-Departmental Com- mittee on Various Matters concerning the Production and Utilisation of Alcohol for Power and Traction Purposes " (Cmd. 218). Reports have been published by the Food Investigation Board, dealing with means to be taken to reduce waste and questions relating to preservation and transport of food, and by the Tin and Tungsten Board which is concerned with the chemico-physical problems underlying the extraction of these metals from their ores.The Report of the Advisory Council, published with that of the Committee, gives further details of the establishment of Research Associations, and the results so far achieved. The following paragraphs from pages 25-26 are quoted in full in view of their bearing on the professional interests of chemists :-WORKERS ASSOCIATIONS.UNDER RESEARCH The conditions of employment offered by the Associations to their Bcientific workers, whether directly engaged or attached to a university or college, will need very careful study.The war has made the scientific man realise his vital importance to the community as a means of defence, and a certain class-consciousness bas arisen among the younger men, of which account must be taken. The need of the community may be, and we believe is, no less urgent in time of peace. But it is not so insistent, because the processes of peace, owing to their relative complexity, are so much slower, and this fact also must be brought into reckoning. Yet discussion of the terms of employment offered by firms and of the status and remuneration of scientific and technical workers under Government can only do good, and the proposals or criticisms which have recently appeared will no doubt be carefully considered by the Research Associations.It has been claimed by mme that research workers employed by a firm, or a Research Association, should have the right to patent and exploit for their own benefit any dis- coveries they may make which their employers may be unwilling to take up. This claim has, at first sight, the appearance of justice, but on the other hand, it has been well pointed out that the work done in the research laboratories of firms and Research Associations is essentially team-work in which the contribution of each member is part of a whole, and that no arrangement which encourages individuals to play for their own hands is consistent wit,h the well-being either of their colleagues or of their employers.The true solution is to be found in the adoption of an enlightened and generous policy by the Association or firm. Closely connected with this matter is the attitude of Research Associa- tions to the consultant and analyst. The position of the consultant or analyst is one of great importance to the industrial communitv. The work of this profession ranges from analysis or testing of a more & less routine kind to research of a high order. Nany firms and even whole industries have relied entirely in the past upon the professional consultant for such research as they have wished to undertake. It would not be surprising if some members of a profession which has won for itself a reputation for high accuracy and skilful technique, and which includes among its leaders original workers of the highest order, should view with donbt the possible incursion of powerful trade associations into their own field of work.It ie accordingly very important that Research Associa- tions should define clearly, and from the beginning, their attitude in this important matter. We think they will agree, in the first place, not to undertake for their members any routine work of the kind hitherto under: taken by the professional analyst or testing engineer. One Association has already agreed to make a panel of consultants and analysts in order to enable its members to obtain technical assistance. This Association acts as a go-between in cases of this kind, and does not inform the inquiring firm which consultant has been employed, or the consultant from which firm the inquiry has come.The higher range of consulting work is obviously not susceptible of this treatment, but the Advisory Council believe there is no likelihood that original workers among consultants will find their services neglected as a consequence of the establishment of Research Associations. It will be impossible for even the most powerful and wealthy Associations to cover the whole field of investiga- tion opened up by the needs of their industry, and the indepen- dent specialist is at least as likely to be called to their aid as the worker in college or university. Moreover, individual firms which are progressive will often need to have problems worked out for their own purposes, some of them doubtless suggested by the work of the Association to which they belong.These problems are as likely to be entrusted to the independent 37 consultant as to the Association itself, particularly if the independent worker has specialised in that direction. (With regard to the above abstract, Fellows and Associates are reminded that the Research Department has been informed of the recommendations of the Council of the Institute on the organisation of the Government Chemical Service. It is to be hoped that the Department and the Research Associations will realise the necessity of ensuring that appointments for chemists under them will carry such terms and conditions that they will attract workers of the requisite competence and standing.Further, with regard to the benefit derived from discoveries or inventions, there is general agreement that their development is seldom the work of a single individual ; but the originators of profitable propositions should be accorded substantial recognition. Not only should the Associations and firms adopt " an enlightened and generous policy " towards their investigators, but in addition there must be created a mutual feeling of trust in their relations which can only exist when the services of investigators are adequately rewarded.) The Advisory Council have dealt with this question on pp. 70-71 :-The objects which it appears to us necessary to secure in dealing with grants to individuals, are two : first, the results obtained with the aid of public funds should not be exploited for the benefit of an individual firm, but should be made generally available to the industries interested upon reasonable terms ; and next, an adequate share of the profits or other reward should be secured to the discoverer or inventor, who has, in the past, been too frequently exploited by the company promoter.After careful considera- tion we have come to the conclusion that these two objects can be sufficiently secured without requiring the submission of all results to the Department before they are published. Our aim in recommending these grants is the encouragement of research, with a view to the increase of existing knowledge. Only in exceptional cases in which results of commercial value are obtained is it desirable to limit the freedom of publication.If, as in the past, it is made a condition of grant to all research workers, whether engaged in pure or applied scientific investigations, that no results shall be published until they have been examined bv the Department with a view to possible indus- trial applications, there is k serious danger that the point of view of the scientific investigator may be affected, and that instead of aiming primarily at the increase of existing knowledge, he will begin to consider what advan- tage may be obtained for himself by following up directions of inquiry which will lead to profit, instead of devoting himself to the pursuit of knowledge lor its own sake.We should view any such tendency with grave apprehen- sion, and we desire to call special attention to the importance of so associatingGovernment with the encouragement of research as to avoid any such danger.On our recommendation Your Lordships have now agreed that unless in our opinion the subject of investigation is one which is likely from the outset to lead to results of commercial value, it shall be open to a research worker receiving 8 grant from the Department to publish the results of research from time to time as he thinks best. This arrangement is made on the understanding that the research worker will not take out a patent or make other commercial use of any results which he may obtain without previous consultation with the Department. Where, however, in our opinion the subject of investigation is one which is likely from the outset to lead to results of commercial value, the grants to research workers will be subject to the conditions governing the availability of results which have previously been adopted.These conditions will also be attached to the continuance of grants for any research which unexpectedly leads to results of commercial value. (The possibility of the Research Associations trenching on the practice of professional consultants to some extent is probably unavoidable; but by bringing the industries to realise the importance of science, such overlapping should be more than counterbalanced by the attraction of new practice to consultants as well as by the increased employment of chemists in industry.How far the creation of panels of consultants will safeguard the interests of the profession remains to be proved. The “ serious shortage of competent research workers ” to which reference is also made does not appear to be confirmed by the statement at the conclusion of the Report (p. 77) that the Advisory Council have received “ many applications from men and women with scientific qualifications for employment under the Department,” which is followed by an intimation that the placing of such workers does not fall to the headquarters staff of the Department. The authorities, however, may be assured of every assistance from the Institute in securing the services of qualified chemists for suitable vacancies.) The Report also contains a suggestion that the Department should, under suitable conditions and within carefully defined limits, act as a bureau of information relating to research; that the Department should be officially responsible for receiving, abstracting, filing and collating formal written 39 communications from research workers, Boards, Institutions or Associations related to or supervised by the Department.This information will be regarded as con6dential and will not be com- municated except in writing and after consultation with the research worker or organisation from which it has been received. Although the Records Bureau will not attempt to make a comprehensive collection of information relating to the results of research, it is certain that a good deal of miscella- neous information of this kind will come into the possession of the Depart- ment, and the Bureau will not exclude the collection, filinq and communica- tion of non-confidential information of evident or probable vahe to those working in touch with us.Information of this kind will consist of extracts from the published reports of the research organisations connected with the Department, or with the Research Councils of the Overseas Dominions and of other countries, as well as of selected extracts from papers published by scientific or technical journals, British and foreign. Any information received from other Government Departments as to the results of research conducted by or for them will similarly be communicated-if confidential in nature under the rules above described. Even with these limitations, however, it is obvious that the work of the Bureau will be a large under- taking.Research for the Department is now, or will be, carried out under the following headings :-(a)Research Institutions, such as the National Physical Laboratory and the Fuel Research Station. (6) Research conducted by other Research Boards or Committees of the Department. (c) Research Associations. (d) Researches by scientific and professional bodies aided by the Department,.(el Researches by individuals aided by grants from the Department. When to the results of the work of these organimtions and individuals are added the bulky compilations dealing with the researches of other Departments of State the mass of material may necessitate a considerable subdivision of the work of the Bureau. But the safe course will be to beginon a small scale, and to develop gradually in the light of the experience gained during the initial stages.It is suggested that the Bureau may also prove useful in two ancillary directions. It occasionally happens that lists of materials and apparatus which might be of use for research are received from dealers in this countrv and abroad. It will be unnecessary to record all these lists, but specific &ems in them may be of interest and importance to one or other of the organisations connected with the Department, and such information will from time to time be circulated.Further, since the waste product of one industry is often the raw material of another it is possible that a Research Association may draw attention to a bye-product of which the industry it represents finds it difficult to dispose. The Bureau will record the existence of such bye-products and notify them to other Research Associations with a view to their being tested axid utilised. The proposal suggests the necessity for a considerable staff of competent chemical advisers to deal with the great variety of enquiries likely to be received. In referring to the work of the National Physical Labora- tory, the Advisory Council state that they have considered the general question of the relation of Government to the testing of ordinary commercial products.They have con-firmed the decision of the Treasury Cornmittee-(appointed after the representations of the Institute of Chemistry on this matter in rgo6)-that in their opinion the routine testing of ordinary commercial products is not and ought not to be within the functions either of the National Physical Laboratory or of this Department, though the research necessary to the establishment of suitable tests for these purposes would properly rest with the Laboratory, and would carry with it the necessity of conducting preliminary tests and possibly the occasional testing of specimens of the products in question for the purpose of reviewing the tests. The Report of the Advisory Council also includes informa- tion with regard to the work of its various Boards and Com- mittees, and an outline of the development of Government organisations for research in other parts of the Empire and in Allied Countries.The following is quoted from the third Part of the Report, dealing with other researches aided by the Department :-It has been suggested that the Department would do well to give aid for research to scientific and technical societies ‘‘ far more freely than at present and on a more liberal basis than in the case of trade associations.” We welcome friendly criticism of our policy and have indeed learnt much from the practical suggestions and even the objections that have been put before us by those who are interested in the progress of research.At least they give us an opportunity of bringing forward facts which are not suffi-ciently recognised, while they have often enabled us and the Department to improve our procedure. In this case we think the facts have not been fully grasped. The Department is spending at the present moment over €16,000 a year in grants to scientific and technical societies for research which has a hearing on industry, besides the grants to individual research workers, twenty-eight of whom are engaged on work with an industrial bearing. This sum is considerably larger than the total expenditure of the Department in 1915-16. Moreover, the grants made are in many cases on a much more liberal basis than those made to Research Associations.But it will be realised at once that At would be destructive to our policy of encouraging co-operative research by the industries themselves wherever possible, if we were to ent>rust the duty of undertaking large schemes of industrial research to the scientific and technical societies and were to assist them more liberally than the industries for doing so The societies are often in the position to take the first steps towards convincing manufacturers that scientific investi- gation is needed, by undertaking researches of interest to a particularindustry. In these cases we welcome their assistance and are prepared to recommend grants-in-aid at least as generous as those offered to Research Associations.In other cases the societies are in a position to conduct or supervise researches which are unsuitable for attack by a Research Associa- tion though they may be important industrially, or which affect industries at present too disorganised or too small to be able to co-operate under our scheme. Here, again, we are willing to help if suitable proposals are made to us. But it must not be forgotten that the members of scientific and technical societies are generally very busy men who can only devote their spare hours to the work of their society, while the secretarial staff is seldom large enough to enable them easily to administer large sums of public money. These factors will, we fear, always tend to keep the research work which scientific societies can themselves undertake within moderate limits.Indeed we think it likely that as time goes on societies of this kind who are willing to co-operate with us will come more and more to leave the financial adminis- tration to the Department, and to confine themselves to making proposals for research and nominating suitable members of the Committee appointed to supervise the work. In several cases already this procedure has been adopted with success. Following on the above is a statement with regard to grants to Students and Research Workers in which emphasis is laid on the necessity of the maintenance of a high standard by the worker. The list of Boards and Committees of the Department (Appendix I.) contains the names of many Fellows of the Tnstitute who are giving their services to the Department.42 Obituary. WILLIAM BEAM was born on December 25th, 1864. From 1878 to 1884, while pupil and assistant to Dr. Henry Leffmann, he attended the courses mainly in chemistry and mining, in the University of Pennsylvania,where he graduated as M.A. From 1884 to 1888, he was chemist to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Co. ; but in 1889, returned to Dr. Leffmann as a partner at the same time entering the Jefferson Medical College, where he took the degree of M.D. in 1892. He was joint author, with Dr. Leffmann, of “ Progressive Exercises in Practical Chemistry,” “ Analysis of Water fo; Sanitary and Technical Purposes,” “ Analysis of Milk and Milk Products, “ Select Methods of Food Analysis.” Later he became Chief Chemist to the Egyptian Salt and Soda Company, and eventually Head of the Wellcome Chemical Research Laboratory, Gordon College, Khartoum.He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1903. JOHN RICHARD BROOKE died at Singapore, Straits Settlements, on July 9th, 1919, in his 44th year. He was educated at Highbury Park School, and received his scientific training at the School of the Pharmaceutical Society and King’s College, London. After passing the Examination for the Associateship of the Institute in 1900, he became Chemist to the Lonsdale Iron Works Co., Ltd., Whitehaven, and after about three years acquired the practice of W. E. Halse, in Mincing Lane, where he continued until 1906. In that year he was appointed Assistant Government Analyst and Opium Inspector, Singapore ; in 1909, he became Deputy Government Analyst, Penang ; was engaged on special duty when the Opium Farm was taken over by Government, and was Assistant Superintendent, Chanda and Liquors Revenue. At the time of his death he held an important position in the Government Monopolies Department.He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1903. ADRIAN JOHN BROWN died at Northfield, Worcestershire, on July 2nd, 1919, in his 68th year. He was born at Burton-on-Trent, educated at the Grammar School there, and received his scientific training from 1867. 1869 under Hofmann at the Royal School of Mines. After three years’ experience as assistant to Dr. W. J. Russell, at St.Bartholomew’s Hospital, he was appointed, in 1873, Chemist to Messrs. Thomas Salt & Co., Ltd., Brewers, at Burton, with whom he remained until 1899, when he was appointed the first Professor of Malting and Brewing in the University of Birmingham, which position he held at the time of his death. He was the author of numerous papers on bio-chemistry, bacteriology and fermentation, and of a book entitled, “ Laboratory Studies for Brewing Students.” A brief account of his work, much of which was of a pioneer character, is given in the Journal of the Institute of Brewing, July-October, 1919. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1911, and was President of the Institute of Brewing from 1917-1919. He was elected a Fellow of the Insti- tute in 1887, was Examiner in Biological Chemistry from 1901-1906, and served as a Member of the Council from 1906-1909.43 WILLIAM JAMES COUSINS died at Cromwell House, High Holborn, on August lst, 1919, in his 58th year. He received some early instruc- tion in chemistry from Rlr. W. T. Lawrence, at Hereford, and entered the Xormal School of Science, South Kensington, in 1882, where he worked under Professors Frankland and Japp, and was subsequently Junior Assistant Demonstrator. In 1886, he became Consulting Chemist and Assayer to the British and Colonial Land Station and Financial Association, giving special attention to gold and silver extraction and agricultural chemistry. Later, he conducted a consulting practice in Chancery Lane, and was successful in developing several industrial concerns in which he was able to apply his chemical science.He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1888. OWEN CHARLES EDWARDS died on 2nd November, 1918, in his 26th year. Born at Llangefui, Anglesey, educated at the local County School, and trained at the University College of North Wales, Bangor, he took the degree of B.Sc. with Honours in Chemistry, in 1915. Shortly after he received an appointment at the Cotton Powder Company’s Works, at Faversham, where he remained until April, 1918. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in May, 1918. LIEUT. REGINALD GREAVES was educated at Craven Street Secondary School, Hull, and the Collegiate School, Liverpool. He matricu- lated in 1913, and at the outbreak of war was registered as a Student of the Institute at Liverpool University.He enlisted immediately in the 19th King’s, being transferred to the Special Brigade, R.E. (Gas Services), in June, 1915, and receiving a commission in the R.G.A. (S.R.) in March, 1917. After having served throughout the war, he died in France from influenza, in January, 1919, in his 24th year. LIEUT. HAROLD CECIL GREENWOOD, O.B.E., died on Novem-ber 4th, 1919, in his thirty-third year. He graduated as B.Sc. in Manchester University in 1907, being placed first in the first-class honours list, and was awarded the Mercer Scholarship. In the following year he obtained the M.Sc. by research, and was elected to a Beyer Fellowship and later an 1851 Exhibi- tion Scholarship.He continued on research with Haber at Karlsruhe (1909-lo), and then at the National Physical Laboratory (1910-ll), and received the degree of D.Sc. (Manc.) in 1912. His work, mainly in physical chemistry, was published in the Transactions of the Chemical Society, the Proceedings of the Royal Society, the Transactions of the Faraday Society and the Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie. In 1911 he was appointed research chemist to Messrs. William Hutton & Sons, Sheffield, with whom he remained until 1915, when he was gazetted Lieutenant, R.N.V.R., and was engaged on the erection and operation of a poison-gas plant under the Admiralty. In May, 1916, he was transferred to the Ministry of Munitions, Inventions Department, for the control of work relating to the development of the synthetic production of ammonia.He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1918. HENRY OWEN HUSKISSON, an Original Fellow of the Institute, died at Pinner on June 22nd, 1919, at the age of 91 years. He was trained at the School of the Pharmaceutical Society, where he was a prize- man in 1844-1845. He was head of a firm of wholesale manufacturing chemists at Islington, in which his son, Dr. Paul L. Huskisson, F.I.C., who died in 1908, was also a partner. 44 GLYN JONES was born at Swansea, on February llth, 1894, and was educated at the Gowerton County and Intermediate School. In 1913 he commenced his training at University College, Aberystwyth, from which he took the degree of B.Sc.(Wales) with Honours in Chemistry. In the early part of the war he helped to prepare acetaldehyde and subse- quently acetal in connection with the scheme for securing supplies of beta-eucaine for the Government, and then became a Works Chemist with Messrs. Chance & Hunt, at Oldbury. In 1915 he was refused enlistment, but in 1918 was accepted for an infantry regiment, and was killed in action early in October of that year. EDWIN LAPPER died in Dublin, on July 29th, 1919. He was born and educated in London, and was Assistant to Professor R. V. Tuson, at the Royal Veterinary College, for some years before he went to Dublin in 1870 to the School of the Royal College of Surgeons, in Ireland, which he left in 1877 to become Lecturer in Chemistry, at the Ledwich School of Medicine.On this school being amalgamated with the Royal College he became Pro-fessor of Chemistry, and later of Physics, to the College, which positions he held until his retirement, owing to ill-health, in 1916. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1888, and qualified as L.R.C.S I., in 1889, and F.R.C.P.I., in 1890. FRANCIS EDWARD LOTT, J.P., an Original Fellow of the Institute, died at Burton-on-Trent, on September 18th, 1919, in his 65th year.Educated at Trent College, he was trained at the Royal College of Chemistry and Royal School of Mines from 1872 to 1876, obtaining the diploma of A.R.S.M. in the last year, having in the meantime accompanied the Eclipse Expedition to Siam, in 1875.About this time he was editor of the RoyalSchool of Mines Magazine. In 1877, he was appointed Chemist and Brewer to Messrs, Thomas Robinson (st Co., Burton-on-Trent, and in 1884 establisheci a consulting practice jointly with Mr. C. G. Matthews, F.I.C., in the same town. He was the author of several papers contributed to the Institute of Brewing and the Society of Chemical Industry, most of which were written jointly with Mr. Matthews, with whom he was also joint author of " The Microscope in the Brewery and the Malthouse." LIEUT. LAWTON KElR RODGER was born at Rutherglen, in 1892, educated at Glasgow Academy, and took the Diploma Course at the Royal Technical College, being admitted an Associate of the College in 1913. He then became chemist to Messrs.Smith & Rodger, Paint and Varnish Manu- facturers, at Glasgow, with whom he was engaged in August, 1914, when he joined the Royal Engineers (T.P.). He received a commission in February, 1915, was promoted Lieutenant in June, 1916, discharged with honorary rank on account of disabilities contracted on service, and died on Jan;- ary 15th, 1919. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1918. GEORGE WILLIAM ALVEY TEANBY died at East Dereham,Norfolk, on April 22nd, 1919, in his 51st year. He was trained at York-shire College (now the University), Leeds, and was assistant to Professor Smithells in 1889 until shortly before passing the Examination for the Associateship of the Institute. In the same year, he was appointed chemist to the West Yorkshire Iron & Coal Co., at Ardsley, near Eeeds, where he remained until 1892, when he became assistant to Mr.Frank Faulkner, of Bath Row, Birmingham. In 1899 he moved to East Dereham, where he 45 hrld an appointment with Messrs. F. and G. Smith, Maltsters. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1893. ~XDLIEUT. JOSHUA BIRAM CROSSLEY WIGFIELD, a Regis-tered Student of the Institute, was killed in action, in France, on Septem- ber 20th, 1918. Born at Lincoln, and educated at Sedgebrook Grammar School, he matriculated at London University, and entered University College, Nottingham. At the time of his death he was serving with the Royal Engineers. CORRIGENDUM. SIR BOVERTON REDWOOD, BART.-An Associate has directed attention to the circumstance that in an obituary notice published in Part 111.the statement was made incorrectly that Sir Boverton Redwood was born at Boverton in Glamorganshire. He derived his name from that place, where his father, Professor Theophilus Redwood, had a small estate ; but he was born at 19, Montague Street, Russell Square, within a few hundred yards of the Institute.46 The Register. At the meetings of the Council held on July 25th and October roth, 1919,28 new Fellows were elected; g Asso-ciates were elected to the Fellowship; 167 Associates were elected; and 28 new Students were admitted. The names of Members and Students elected on October 31st and November 28th will be published in Part I., 1920.The Institute has lost 7 Fellows, 3 Associates, and 2 Students by death. New Fellows. S =Naval, Mi!itary, or Air Service. M =Munitions. 1.1. =Passed the Intermediate Examination of the 1nst:tute. Anfilogoff, Nicholas Alexander, Lathol House, Thames Haven, Essex. [Chief Chemist and General Works Manager, London and Thames Haven Oil Wharves, Ltd.] Appleyard, James Robert, Royal Technical Institute, Salford. [Head of Applied Chemistry Dept., Royal Technical Institute, Salford.] Baird, Will, 16, Kinnoull Mansions, Rowhill Road, Clapton, London, E. 5. [Chief Chemist, Messrs. Lewis Berger & Sons.] Benson, Richard Walters, Sunny Hill, Silcoates, near Wakefield. [Chief Chemist, Messrs. George Cradock & Co.] Bliss, Major Henry James Wheeler, B.A.(Oxon.), M.A. (Columbia), Bond Place Chambers, Leeds. [S. Director of Research, British Research, Association for the Woollen and Worsted Industries.] Bowis, William John, Ph.D. (Zurich), The Gables, Bridgford Road, West Bridgford, Notts. [Technical Director, Messrs. Boots, Ltd. ; Research.] Dawson, William Haywood, Riverston, Wrottesley Road, Woolwich, London, S.E. 18. [Manager and Head Chemist, British Alizarine Co., Ltd.] Edwards, William Buckland, B.Sc. (Lond.), 1, Vanbrugh Park Road, Blackheath, London, S.E. 3. [Central Tech. Coll., London ; Twenty years’ experience ; Directorate of Chemical Inspection, Royal Arsenal, Woolwich.] Freeth, Francis Arthur, O.B.E., M.Sc. (Liv.), Heysmere, Sandiway, Cheshire. [S.; Chief Chemist, Messrs. Brunner, Mond & Co.] 47 Guthrie, William Alexander, c/o Government Analytical Laboratory, Cairo, Egypt. [Petroleum Research Chemist, Egyptian Govt.] Hannay, James Ramsay, Know Mill House, Entwistle, near Bolton. [Works Manager, Know Mill Printing Co. J Hirst, Henry Reginald, B.Sc. (Leeds), Collingham Bridge, near Leeds. [Director, Messrs. G. H. Hirst & Co., Ltd. Passed Exam. for A.I.C. (1895) ; S.] Holden, George Edward, M.Sc. Tech. (Manc.), 23, Durnford Street, Middleton, near Manchester. [Head Chemist, Velvet and Cord Dyers’ Association.] Lee, John William, Birchill Lodge, Hasland, Chesterfield. [Manager and Chief Chemist, Hasland Coking Co.] Moodie, William Ewing, Avenue Cottage, Alexandria, Scotland.[Chief Chemist, Messrs. John Orr, Ewing & Co.] O’Brien, Frederick, M.Sc. (Vict.), 4, Queen Square, Bristol. [Nineteen years’ experience ; Consulting Chemist.] O’NeiLl, Charles, 17, King’s Drive, Heaton Chapel, near Stockport. [Chief Chemist, Bleachers’ Association, Ltd.] Ormandy, William Reginald, D.Sc. (Tubingen), St. Loo Mansions, Chelsea, London, S.W. 3. [Consulting Chemist ; Research.] Phillips, Henry Ablett, Royal Gunpowder Factory, Waltham Abbey, Essex. [Head of Lab. and Assistant Manager ; wenty-three years’ expsrience ; Research.] Pitt, Arthur Ernest, B.Sc. (Lond.), Sewardstone, 46, Spratt Hall Road, Wanstead, London, E. 11. [Twenty years’ experience ; Research Chemist, Messrs. W. J. Bush & Co., LM.] Pyman, Frank Lee, D.Sc.(Vict.), Ph.D. (Basel), College of Technology, Manchester. [Professor of Technological Chemistry, Manchester College of Technology.] Robertson, Joseph Gold, Ph.D. (Jena), 19, Broomhill Terrace, Partick, Glasgow. [Chemist and Works Manager, Messrs. John Broadfoot & Sons ; Research.] Sanders, James McConnell, Holly House, Welling, Kent. [Head of Special Research Lab., Anglo-Mexican Petroleum Co., Ltd.] Shenton, James Porter, 37, Torbay Road, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester. [Consulting Chemist ; Thirty-two years’ experience.] Thompson, Stanley, The Portland, St. John’s Road, Buxton, Derbyshire. [Twenty years’ experience in Colour Chemist~rg.] Wheeler, Richard Vernon, D.Sc. (Vict.), The Bungalow, Eskmeals, Cumber- land.[Director, Home Office Experimental Station.] Willey, George Brydon, A.R.S.M., 62, Glebe Road, Crookes, Sheffield. [Chief Asst. Chemist, Messrs. Hadfields, Ltd.] Williams, Herbert James, 5, Richmond Road, Uplands, Swansea. [Chief Chemist, Messrs. Vivian & Sons.] Associates Elected to Fellowship. * Anderson, Edward, c/o Mrs. Campbell, 7,Hermand Terrace, Slateford Road, Edinburgh. Browning, Capt. Ronald George, B.Sc. (Lond.), Belswains, Kew Dover Road. Canterbury. Bunker, Lt.-Col. Sidney Waterfield, D.S.O., M.C., B.Sc. (Lond.), 17, King Edward’s Grove, Teddington, Middlesex. Cheng, Albert Pinzen, B.Sc. (Birm.), West Gate, Kiating-hsien, Kiangsu, China. Cox, Henry Edward, B.Sc. (Lond.), 44, Bassaley Road, Newport, Mon. Emsley, Sydney, B.Sc.(Vict.), Deane House, Prince’s Avenue, Northwich, Cheshire. Garland, Charles Samuel, B.Sc., A.R.C.S. (Lond.), 57, Garratt Lane, Wandsworth, London, S.W. 18. Macintyre, Lieut. Ernest Gunn, B.Sc. (Glas.), 221, Langside Road, Glasgow. * ROOS, Capt. Charles Bernard, B.Sc. (Lond.), 86, Heathdene Road, Streatham, London, S.W. 16. Thurston, Frank Stanley, B.Sc. (Lond.), The Government Laboratory, Clement’s Inn Passage, London, W.C. 2. White, Major John Christison, M.C., A.K.C., 49, St. James’ Road, Upper Tooting, London, S.W. 17. * Note.-Mr. Edward Anderson and Capt. C. B. Roos were elected to the Fellowship at a Meeting of the Council held on March 28th, 1919. Their election should have been notified in Proceedings, Part 111.New Associates (by examination). Peirson, Lewis Guy, B.A. (Cantab.), Bothwicks, Newquay, Cornwall. Pollock, John Edwin, B.Sc. (Lond.), 40, Sun Street, Waltham Abbey, Essex. Stanhope, Percy Edward, 16, Bertram Road, Manningham, Bradford. Wood, Lieut. Cecil William, 11, Macaulay Road, Clapham Common, London, S.W. 4. New Associates. Adams, Thomas Henry, 7, Douglas Street, Derby. [Univ. Coll., Nottingham ; Twenty-seven years’ experience.] Aitchison, Captain Leslie, B.Sc. (Lond.), D.Met. (Sheff .), New Eldon Chambers, Cherry Street, Birmingham. [S.] Alston, Richard Archibald, A.M.C.T., 4, Colley Street, Old Trafford, Manchester. [Nine years’ experience ; Research.] Andrews, Albert Edward, Dover Lodge, 41, Wood Vale, Forest Hill, London, S.E.23. [Finsbury Tech. Coll. Dip. ; Twenty-three years’ experience] 49 Auger, William, B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S., 10. Chester Road, South Tottenham, London, N. 15. [S.] Austin, Samuel Sydney, B.Sc. Tech. (Vict.), A.M.C.T., 42, Delaunays Road, Crumpsall, Manchester. [Works Chemit ; Dyes.] Baker, Arthur, Knockhall House, Greenhithe, Kent. [Xanchester Coll. of Technology ;Bury Tech. Coll. ;Blackburn Tech. Coll. ; Twenty years; experience.] Baker, Gerrard Wollaston, 3, Haling Park Road, South Croydon, Surrey. [Finsbury Tech. Coll. Certif. ; 8.1 Bell, James Horst Brunneman, M.A. (Edin.), B.Sc. (Edin.), South Manse, Auchtermuchty, Fife. [M.] Bell, Herbert Dearman, Sewage Disposal Works, Milcote, Stratford-on- Avon. [Coll. of Technology, Manchester ; S.; Research.] Berends, Johann Friedrich, B.Sc. (Lond.), “ Glenville,” Chesterfield Road, Ashford, Middlesex. [S.] Berry, Arthur George Vale, c/o Trinidad Leaseholds, Ltd., 76, Marine Square, Port of Spain, Trinidad, B.W.I. [West Ham Tech. Inst. and East Ham Tech. Coll. ; Seventeen years’ experience ; M.] Booth, Thomas, MSc. (Vict.), 154,Bradford Street, Bolton, Lancs. [S.]Bradshaw, John, M.Sc. (Vict.), Vernon House, Monument Park, Wigan. [S. ; M.] Braid, Major Kenneth William, B.Sc. (Aberd.), B.Sc. (Agric.), Ellerslie, Cults, Aberdeenshire . [S.]Brierley, tJoseph, B.Sc. (Manc.), B. Comm., 13, Kershaw Street, Failsworth, Manchester. [Sixteen years’ experience.] Briggs, Dennis Brook, B.A. (Cantab.), Bradford College, nr.Reading, Berkshire. [S.] Britton, Hubert Thomas Stanley, BSc. (Brisbane), “ Lynn Dene,” Court Road, Kingswood, Bristol. [M.] Brodie, Neal, B.Sc. (Dunelm), Government Test House, Calcutta. [M.]Bruce, Alexander, B.Sc. (Edin.), The Laboratory, Hyde Park Corner, Colombo, Ceylon. [M.] Bunce, Albyn, c/o Messrs. Cannington, Shaw & Co., Ltd., Sherdley Works, St. Helen’s, Lancs. [Central Tech. Coll., London ; Nineteen years’ experience.] Bunting, Henry Herbert, Oficina de Ensayes, The Peruvian Corporation, Callao, Peru. [Normal School of Science, London ; Seventeen years’ experience.] Card, Captain Stanley Walter, B.Sc. (Lond.), 14, Spring Road, Ipswich. rs.1 Chick, -Oliver, 31, Auckland Road, Cranbrook Park, Ilford, Essex. [Finsbury Tech.Coll. ; Fifteen years’ experience ; Research.] Child, Arthur James, B.Sc. (Lond.), Oaklands, Edgware, Middlesex. [S.]Childs, Hugh, B.Sc. (Vict.), Grove House, Chatteris, Cambridgeshire. [S.] 50 Clifford, Sydney George, 51, Peak Hill, Sydenham, London, S.E. 26. [Fins-bury Tech. Coll. Certif. ; Nine years’ experience ; Publications.] Cooper, William Suddaby, B.Sc. (Lond.), 29, Glencoe Street, Hull. [Nine-teen years’ experience.] Coupe, Geoffrey, 23, High Street, Shoeburyness, Essex. [West Ham Mun. Tech. Inst. ; S. ; M. S. M. ; Seven years’ experience.] Course, Herbert Edwin, Water Works, Gold Coast Colony, West Africa. [Finsbury Tech. Coll. Dip. ; Seventeen years’ experience.] Craven, Reginald, A.R.C.S., 19, Eardley Crescent, Earl’s Court, London.S.W. 5. [M. ; Research.] Cunningham, Henry Joseph, B.Sc. (Liv.), 26, Bolton Road, Harlesden, London, N.W. 10. [S. ; M.] Damon, William Aethelbert, B.Sc. (Birm.), 17a, Iiidbrooke Park Road, Blackheath, London, S.E. 3. [Nine years’ experience.] Dawson, Stanley Ernest, A.M.C.T., The Cottage, Frewland Avenue, Daven- port, Stockport. [Seven years’ experience.] Drew, Royston Barry, M.Sc. (Melb.), Kilwenny, Eltham, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [M.] Dunnicliff, Horace Barratt, M.A. (Cantab.), B.Sc. (Lond.), The Cordite Factory, Aruvankadu, Nilgiris, S. India. [M.] Dutton, Frank, B.Sc. (Vict.), 102, Woodwarde Road, E. Dulwich, London, S.E. 22. [Twenty-five years’ experience.] Eggington, Alfred Thomas, LC., A.R.C.S., B.Sc.(Lond.), The Hawthorns, Ibstock, near Leicester. [S.] Elphick, Frederick Charles, 50, College Court, Hammersmith, London, W. 6. [East London College ; Twenty-one years’ experience.] Elworthy, Reginald Thomas, E.Sc. (Lond.), c/o Mines Branch, Department of Mines, Ottawa, Canada. [M.] English, Ernest Walter Fulton, M.A. (Cantab.), Directorate of Chemical Inspection, Woolwich Arsenal, London, S.E. 18. [Seventeen years’ experience ; M.] Evans, Gerald Clifton, Merlin, Banbury Road, Stratford-on-Avon. [King’s College, London ; Twenty years’ experience ; Research.] L‘Ferguson, John Martin, A.R.T.C., Craigengar,” Dalry Road, Beith. [Six years’ experience.] Findlater, James, A.R.T.C., 2, The Green, Bromborough Pool, New Ferry, near Birkenhead. [Works Chemist.] Fisher, Ernest Arthur, M.A., B.Sc.(Oxon.), Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts. [S.] Fletcher, Dugald Neil, A.R.T.C., Little Aiden, Kilcreggan, Dumbartonshire. [S-IFoulds, Robinson Percy, M.Sc. (Vict.), Stanley Villa, Colne, hncs. [S.]Froysell, Herbert Henry, 66, Hartington Road, Liverpool. [Liverpool Univ. ; Thirty-three years’ experience.] 51 Garner, William Edward, M.Sc. (Birm.), University of London Club, 21, Gower Street, London, W.C. [M.] Gibbs, Geoffrey Harcourt, B.Sc. (Lond.), 18, Russell Road, Kensington, London, W. [S.] Gillison, Wilfred, B.A. (Cantab.), 274, Well Hall Road, Eltham, London, S.E. [M. ;‘Twelve years’ experience.] Goldie, Ernest Murray, 4, Everton Road, Addiscombe, Croydon. [Tech-nische Hochschule, Hanover ; Royal College of Science, London ; M.; Thirty years’ experience.] Goodlet, John Inglis, 54, Linden Grove, Peckham Rye, London, S.E. 15. [Goldsmiths’ Inst., King’s Coll., Sir John Cass Tech. Inst., and S. W. Polytechnic, London ; Twenty years’ experience.] Gray, Frederick Henry, B.Sc. (Land.), A.R.C.S., 4, Radmoor Road, Lough- borough, Leicestershire. [Nine years’ experience ; Research.] Gray, William Carlan, A.R.T.C., 112, Beechwood Drive, Broomhill, Glasgow . WI Griffiths, George Eric, 5, Bertram Road, Manningham, Bradford, Yorks. [Bradford Tech. Coll. Dip. ; S.] Guy, William Robert, 413, Quentin Road, Blackheath, London, S.E. 13. [Royal Tech. Coll., Glasgow ; M.] . Hampton, Wilfred Marsh, B.Sc.(Lond.), Lyndhurst, 5, Forster Street, West Smethwick, Staffs. [Seven years’ experience ; Works Chemist ; Glass.] Harper, William, B.Sc. (St. Andrews), c/o Messrs. Lever Bros. (Japan), Ltd., Sannomiya, P.O. Box 174, Kobe, Japan. [Chief Chemist; Eleven years’ experience.] Hay, Robert, 72, The Rand, Eastriggs, Dumfriesshire. [Glasgow Univ. ; 11.1 Heap, Ernest Thomas Ashley, B.Sc. (Glas.), 9, Newark Drive, Pollokshields, Glasgow. [S.; M.] Henry, John, A.R.T.C., 11, Pollok Gardens, Shawlands, Glasgow. [S.]Higgins, Sydney Herbert, M.Sc. (Manc.), The Bleachers’ Association, Ltd., 4, Norfolk Street, Manchester. ’ [Twelve years’ experience ; Research.] Hill, Alfred, B.Sc. (Aberd.), 72, Bedford Place, Aberdeen. [Nine years’ experience.J Hill, John Stableford, 82, The Rand, Eastriggs, Dumfriesshire.[Nineteen years’ experience ; M.] Hole, Ernest George, B.Sc. (Birm.), 85, St. Thomas’s Road, West Hill, Hastings. [MI Hollins, Cecil, B.Sc. (Lond.), 63, Smedley Road, Cheetham, Manchester. [M. ; Research.] Hopkins, Francis Albert Reginald, B.Sc. (Birm.), 52, Highbridge Road, Wylde Green, Birmingham. [S.] Hutchinson, James Joseph, Cecilville, Dollymount, Dublin. [Royal Coll , 52 of Science, London and Ireland, and Queen’s College, Galway ; Twenty-five years’ experience.] Hynes, James Edward, M.Sc. (Manc.), 1, Olive Villas, Banks Avenue, Pontefract. [S.] Ingold, Christopher Kelk, B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S., Cassel Cyanide Company, Shuna Street, Maryhill, Glasgow. [M.] Janson, James Theodore, B.Sc.(Lond.), 33, Belgrave Road, London, S.W. 1. [S. ; D.S.O. and bar, four times mentioned in Despatches.] Jeffery, John Hugh, c/o Messrs. New Pegamoid, Ltd., Marshside Worke, Lower Edmonton, N. [King’s College, London ;Ten years’ experience.] Jenkins, Percy Gwvynn, 15, St. Luke’s Road, Rayswater, London, W. 11. [Finsbury Tech. College ; Works Chemist.] Jennison, Lieut. Hubert, A.M.C.T., 8, Selbourne Villas, Manningham, Bradford. [S.] Jones, Henry Humphreys, 13, Berkley Street, Liverpool. [Liverpool Univ. and Technical School : Sixteen years’ experience.] Jones, Herbert John, A.M.S.T., 81, Ham Park Road, Stratford, London, E. 15. [Nineteen years’ experience.] Keane, John, M.Sc. (Dublin), 6, Shamrock Villas, Drumcondra, Dublin.[Research.] Kemp, Charles Norman, B.Sc. (Edin.), Ivy Lodge, Laverockbank Road, Edinburgh. [M.] Kirkup, Frank., B.Sc. (Durham), 26, Osborne Road, Newcastle-on-Tyne. 18.1 Kitto, William Victor, B.A. (Toronto), 317, Queen Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. [Sixteen years’ experience.] Knaggs, Lieut. John, B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S., South Street, Bridlington, Porks. [S.] Lazell, Harold, B.Sc. (Lond.), 75, Comeragh Road, Barons Court, London, W. 14. [Chemist and Works Manager.] Lee, William Bell, B.Sc. (Lond.), 2, St. John’s Road, Knutsford, Cheshire. w.1 hipper, Alexander Dawson, 14, Richmond Terrace, Gateshead. [Royal Tech. Coll., Glasgow ; Twenty years’ experience.] Levy, Joseph Frederick, 11 1 , Wilberforce Road, Finsbury Park, London, N.4. [King’s College, London ; S.] Linch, Robert, 30, Castleton Road, Goodmayes, Ilford, Essex. [Finsbury Tech. Coll. ; I. I. ; S. ; M.] Lloyd, Joseph, A.M.C.T., 46, Station Road, N. Reddish, Stockport. [Thir-teen years’ experience. J Long, Lieut. Bertram Raymond, B.A. (Dub.), 6, Par!r Villas, Stillorgan Park, Dublin. [S.] Lush, Ernest Joseph, B.A. (Cantab.), 14, Alexandra Road, Stoneygate, Leicester. [S.] Macfarlane, William Wylie, D.C.M., Fingarry, Milton of Campsie, Stirling- shire, N.B. [Royal Tech. Coll., Glasgow ; S. ; M.] Mackenzie, David, Messrs. The Midland Vinegar Co., Ltd., Aston Cross, Birmingham. [Royal Tech. Coll. Glasgow ; Ten years’ experience ; Works Chemist.] Mackenzie, Peter, Quetta House, Lancaster Road, Rugby.[Royal Tech. Coll., Glasgow ; S.] Madgin, Walter Matthew, M.Sc. (Durham), 3, Natfen Place, Fenham, Newcastle-on-Tyne. [S.] Malpas, Harold Joseph, 12, Grand Parade, Teddington, Middlesex. [University College, Southampton ; Seven years’ experience ; M.] Marsden. Miss Alice May, B.Sc. (Vict.), Boscombe, Imperial Road, Matlock. [Seven years’ experience.] Marston, Harry Bulmer, B.Sc. (Lond.), 5, De Grey Street, Mayors’ Walk, York [S.] Martin, Lieut. James Wright, B.Sc. (Glas.), Wallace Grove, Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire. [S.] Martin, William Francis, 18, Moat Place, Edinburgh. [Heriot-Watt Coll., Edinburgh ; Twenty-four years’ experience.] Mather, Wilfred, A.M.S.T., Jessamine Cottage, Audenshaw, near Manchester. [Seven years’ experience.] Maxwell, Miss Nora Irene, B.Sc. (Q.U.B.), 21, Deramore Park, Belfast.[Demonstrator, Queen’s University, Belfast.] McErvel, Miss Nora, B.Sc. (Q.U.B.), 110, Eglantine Avenue, Belfast, [Demonstrator, Queen’s University, Belfast.] McIver, Miss Constance Mary, B.Sc. (Lond.), 44, Lebanon Gardens, Wands- worth, London, S.W. 18. [Govt. Lab.] McLaren, Miss Mary Campbell, M.A., B.Sc. (Glas.), 30, Millbrae Crescent, Langside, Glasgow. [M.] Mendoza, Mordecai, B.Sc. (Lond.), 35, Central Road, W. Didsbury, Manchester. [Eight years’ experience ; Dyes Research Chemist,] Mitchell, Miss Isabel, B.Sc. M.B., Ch.B. (Edin.), 56, Kyle Park, Uddingston, near Glasgow. [Physiological Chemist.] Mitchell, Robert Kay Sabiston, B.Sc. (Edin.), 25, Montrose Terrace, Edinburgh.[Post-graduate work. 1 Morton, Allan, M.Sc. (Liv.), 167, Trent Boulevard, West Bridgford. Nottingham. [M.] hlumford, Major Ernest Moore, M.Sc. (Manc.), 75, High Street, C.-on-M., Manchester. [S. ; M.] h’aish, William Archibald, A.R.S.M., 24, University Mansions, Putney, London, S.W. 15. [Twelve years’ experience.] Neech, Hubert Richard, Hetland Cottage, Ruthwell, Dumfriessh ire. [Lincoln Mun. Tech. School ; Twenty years’ experience ; M.] Newcomb, Captain Clive, I.M.S., B.A. (Oxon.), M.B. (Oxon.), M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., 48, Leigham Court Road, Streatham, London, S.W. 16. [S.] Niven, Charles David, M.A., B.Sc. (Aberd.), 6, Chanonry, Old Aberdeen, Scotland. [Post-graduate work. J Norman, David John, 103, Howbury Street, Bedford.[Finsbury Tech. Coll. Dip. ; S.] Palmer, Aleck Richard, B.Sc. (Lond.), 5, Pleasant Place, Bond Street, Vauxhall, London, S.W. 8. [Gas Work ; Rare Metals.] Parsons, Alfred Tennyson, B.Sc. (Dun.), 25, Westwell Road, Streatham, London, S.W. 16. [Govt. Lab. ; S.] Parsons, Nigel Montgomerie, R.A. (Oxon.), 19b, Pembridge Square, London, w. 2. [S.] Preston, Haydn, A.R.C.S., The Grammar School, Caistor, Lincs. [M. ; Research.] Proud, Miss Annie Kathleen, B.Sc. (Lond.), Parkfield, Grove Park, Lee, London, S.E. 12. [Research.] Rae, William Norman, M.A. (Cantab.), Government Technical School, Colombo, Ceylon. [M. ; Research.] Rai, Hashmat, B.A. (Punjab), M.Sc. (Liv.), Government College, Lahore. [As?t. Prof. of Chemistry.] Reade, Thomas Harold, M.Sc.(Birm.), 118, Tettenhall Road, Wolver-hampton. [S.; Research.] Reynolds, John, Brook House, Meltham Mills, Huddersfield. [Huddersfield Tech. Coll. ; S.] Richards, Evan Matthew, B.Sc. (Lond.), 54, Springfield Road, St. John’s Wood, London, N.W. 8. [S.] Ricketts, Joseph, B.Sc. (Lond.), 91,-Coldershaw Road, West Ealing, London, W. 13. [S.l Robertshaw, George Frederick, Mornay, Kearsley Road, Higher Crumpsall, Manchester. [Ten years’ experience ; Dyes.] Robertson, Captain John Alexander, Coltswood House, Gartsherrie, by Coatbridge, Lanarkshire. [Royal Tech. Coll., Glasgow ; S.] Robinson, Frederick John, Hughenden Lodge, Cowley, Middlesex. [Glasgow Univ. ; Nine years’ experience.] Rosenblum, Miss Nathalie, M.Sc. (Vict.), 55, Cliff Street, Keighley.[Teaching.] Scott, Major Thomas, M.C., M.Sc. (Liv.), 46, Merton Road, Bootle, Liverpool. [S-IShatwell, Hugh George, B.Sc. (Vict.), 42, City Road, Openshaw, Manchester. [S. ; Research.] Shoesmith, John Baldwin, B.Sc. (Vict.), 2, Thursby Square, Burnley, Lancs, [Research.] Silver, Leonard, B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S., Cemetery Lodge, Old Road, Gravesend. [S.] Smith, Captain Cyril Montague, Inglecroft, Cranley Villas, Muswell Hill Road, London, N. 10. [University College, London ; Twelve years’ experience ; S.] 55 Smith, Hubert Proctor, Inglewood, Shotton, Chester. [Leeds School of Science and Technology ; Chief Chemist and Metallurgist ; Over twenty years’ experience.] Smith, William, 10, Main Street, Stevenston, Ayrshire.[Royal Tech. Coll., Glasgow, Dip. ; S.] Staveley, John, B.Sc. (Leeds), 11, Roper Street, Whitehaven, Cumberland. rs.1 Sterne, Edward Tyghe, BSc. (Ont.), Trenton, Ontario, Canada. [S. ; Research.] Stewart, Lauchlan Macquarie, M.A., B.Sc. (Edin.), B.Sc. (Agric.), Tighna- mara, Cuan, Balvicar, Argyllshire. [M.] Sutcliffe, Hubert Thomas, B.Sc. (Vict.), 45, Church Street, Harle Syke, near Burnley, Lancs. [M. ; S.] Taylor, Captain Edward McKenzie, M.B.E., B.Sc. (Dun.), Rerkley House, Roxwell Road, Chelmsford. [S. ; Mentioned in Despatches.] Thompson, Herbert Bryan, M.Sc. (Birm.), Ph.D. (Wurzburg), Redcroft, Shoberall, Burton-on-Trent. [S.] Thompson, Captain Mark, B.A. (Cantab.), 124, Wilford Grove, Nottingham.rs.1 Trickett, Anthony Berry, M.Sc.Tech. (Manc.), 245, New North Road, London, N. 1. [God. Lab.] Turner, Captain Bertrand, B.Sc. (Birm.), 5, Richmond Road, Wanstead, London, E. 11. [S.] Voss, Walter Arthur, ‘‘ Fairlight Glen,’’ Eastwood Road, Rayleigh, Essex. [Finsbury Tech. Coll. ; Research.] Walker, Frederick Thomas, B.Sc. (Lond.), Brendon, Clarence Road, Horsham, Surrey. [M.; S.] Walters, David Henry, B.Sc. (Wales); Maesgwyn, Gnoll Park Road, Neath, Glam. [M.] Watson, Thomas, M.A. (California), 2151, Center Street, Berkeley, California, U.S.A. [Fifteen years’ experience ; Bio-chemical Research.] Watterson, James Horatio, B.Sc. (Lond.), Braeside, Magdale, Honley, Huddersfield. [Works Chemist ; Dyes.] Watterson, Norman Frederick, Kirk Ella, Constitution Hill, Wellington, Salop.[Walsall Mun. Tech. Inst. ; M.] Weil, Victor Maurice, B.Sc. (Lond.), Rokesley Lodge, St. George’s Road, Kemptown, Brighton, Sussex. [Eleven years’ experience ; Research.] Wheatley, Henry, BSc. (Lond.), 69, Godwin Road, Forest Gate, London, E. 7. [S.] Whinyates, Leonard, A.M.C.T., B.Sc.Tech. (Manc.), Glen Mona, Rochdale Road, Blackley, Manchester. [Eight years’ experience.] Whitaker, Joseph Edward Firth, B.Sc. (Lond.), B.A. (Cantab.), Liverpool College, Sefton Park Road, Liverpool. [S.]Whitfeild, Bernard Wyndham, 48, Upper Richmond Road, East Putney, London, S.W. 15. [Finsbury Tech. Coll. ; S.] 56 Whitton, William Alexander, M.Sc. (Liv.), The Grammar School, Ross, Herefordshire.[Eighteen years’ experience.] Whitworth, James Bell, B.Sc. (Wales), 2, Church Street, Lampeter, Cardigan. P.1 Wikner, Sigurd Albert Walfrid, The Newcastle-on-Tyne and Gateshead Gas Company, By-products Works, St. Anthony’s, Newcastle-on-Tyne. [Hull Mun. Tech. School ; Nineteen years’ experience.] Williams, Edwin, B.Sc. (Lond.), 30, De Burgh Street, Canton, Cardiff. [S.] Wilson, John, M.Sc. (Vict.), Apsley House, Heywood Street, Bury, Lancs. [S. ; Seven yews’ experience.] Wishart, Robert Scott, M.A., B.Sc. (Edin.), Messrs. Levinstein’s, Ltd., Manchester. [S.] Wood, William, 71, High Street, Waltham Cross, Herts. [Zurich Polytech- nikum ; Diploma ; M. ; Thirteen years’ experience.] Students. Adams, Basil Albert, Lynwood, 43, Cromwell Road, Beckenham, Kent.Bate, Philip James, 4, Station Parade, Sanderstead, Surrey. Beardwood, Frank, “ Barton,” Fulwood Hall Lane, Fulwood, Preston. Bell, James Richard, 14, Ryehill Grove, Leith. Birch, Stanley Francis, 28, Marloes Road, Kensington, London, W. 8. Carey, Cecil Ernest, 59, Harefield Road, BrockIey, London, S.E. 4. Chapman, Arthur William, 68, Geraldine Road, Wandsworth, London, S.W. 18. Coles, Thomas William, 36, Marsdcn Street, Barrow-in-Furness. Dunn, Maurice William, 7, Emerson Road, Harborne, Birmingham. Fisher, Alfred, 50, Exeter Road, Nottingham. Higgins, John Stuart Reginald, “ The Brae,” Glasgow Road, Perth. Hill, Joseph, 58, Spring Street, Accrington, Lancs. Himmat, Mahmoud Ahmed, Government Analytical Laboratory, Cairo.Hopkins, Sidney John, London House, Hambledon, Hampshire. Howard, Thomas George, 42, St. Albans Avenue, Bedford Park, London, w. 4. Lavery, David, 91, Coventry Drive, Dennistoun, Glasgow. Martin, George Frank, 85, Church Hill, Walthamstow, E. 17. Newton, Leonard Owen, 29, St. Mildred’s Road, Lee, London, S.E. 12. Pagella, Eugene, “ The Poplars No. 2,” 173, Upper Priory Road, St. Denys, Southampton. Powers, Harold Edward Charles, 4, Grove Crescent, Woodford, London, E. 18. Rhodes, Henry Taylor Fowkes, 18, Belmont Hill, Lee, London, S.E.13. Taylor, Jack Francis Mahon, 10, Meynell Crescent, South Hackney, London E. 9. Williams, Albert, 103, Thornbury Avenue, Bradford, Yorks. 57 Williams, Harold Bishop, “ Ashley,” 6, Hamlet Road, Upper Norwood, London, S.E.19. Williams, Ralph, 15, St. Vincent Road, Newport, Mon. Woodward, Miss Elsie, 80, St.Mary Street, Weymouth, Dorset. Woolley, Raymond, 5, Darwin Terrace, Derby. Youll, John William Reginald, “ Keswick,” Rainsford Avenue, Chelmsford. Change of Name. Sidney Henry Groenewoud to Greenwood. (Fellow). DEATHS. Fellows. William Beam, M.A., M.D. (Pennsylvania). John Richard Brooke. Professor Adrian John Brown, Hon. M.Sc. (Binn.), F.R.S. William James Cousins. Harold Cecil Greenwood, O.B.E., D.Sc. (Manc.). Francis Edward Lott, A.R.S.M. George William Alvey Teamby. Associates. Owen Charles Edwards, B.Sc. (Wales). Glyn ,Jones, B.Sc. (Wales), (killed in action, October, 1918). Lieiit. Lawton Keir Rodger. Students.Lieut. Reginald Greaves, R.G.A. (died on service). .Toshim Biram Crossley Wigfield, 2nd Lieut. R.E. (killed in action) 58 General Notices. Examinations.-The Council give notice that Examina- tions will be held in January, 1920. Future arrangements will be communicated to candidates who notify the Registrar (without delay) of their intention to present themselves. Notice to Associates,-Associates elected prior to November, 1916, who can produce evidence satisfactory to the Council that they have been continuously engaged in the study and practical applications of chemistry €or at least three years since their election to the Associateship, can obtain forms of application for election to the Fellowship. Appointments Register.-A Register of Fellows and Associates of the Institute of Chemistry who are available for appointments is ltcpt at the Offices of the Institute.For full information, inquiries should be addressed to the Registrar. Fellows and Associates are invited to communicate with the Registrar in any instance in which they are able to assist in securing appointments for qualified chemists. The Li brary.-The Library is open for the use of Fellows, Associates and Registered Students, between the hours of 10 A.M. and 6 P.M. on week-days (Saturdays : 10 A.M. and z P.M.) except when examinations are being held. Department of Overseas Trade.-The Comptroller-General of the Department of Overseas Trade has asked the Institute to notify Fellows and Associates who may be proceeding abroad, as technical representatives of industrial undertakings, that His Majesty’s Consular Officers and Trade Commissioners in foreign countries and in various parts of the Empire are desirous of losing no opportunity of renderingthem assistance.Such Officers and Commissioners, therefore, will be glad if they niay be advised beforehand of impending visits, or notified of the arrival of members visiting trade centres, in order to bring commercial, diplomatic, consular and kindred services into closer personal touch with British firms and companies. The Compt roller-General asks that represent atives of British firms, when on business abroad, should not hesitate to call on His Majesty’s Consular Officcrs and on the Com- mercial Diplomatic Officers and (in the case of the Dominions) on His Majesty’s Senior Trade Commissioners.