Species composition ofErythroneuraleafhoppers infesting the 3 major classes of grapes grown in New York was investigated. Eastern grape leafhopper,E. comes(Say), comprised 74–100% of populations collected on the native American (Vitis labruscaBailey) cultivars ‘Concord’, ‘Niagara’, ‘Catawba’ and ‘Delaware’. On interspecific hybrid (Vitis sp.) andVitis viniferaL. cultivars,E. comeswas largely absent, and 97–100% of leafhoppers collected were 2 cryptic species,E. bistrataMcAtee andE. vitifexFitch. On the native American variety ‘Elvira’, aV. labrusca X V ripariaMichaux hybrid, field populations were 24%E. comesand 74% theE. bistrata/vitifexcomplex.E. vitis(Harris),E. tricintaFitch, andE. vulnerataFitch were also present in commercial grapes, but never exceeded 20% of the populations sampled. Populations on wildV. ripariaadjacent to vineyards were comprised of 24%E. comes, 47%E. histrata/vitifex, 19%E. vitis, and 10%E. tricinta. Dissection revealed that proportions ofE. bistrataandE. vitifexin field collections, varied from 97%E. bistratato 61%E. vitifex. Oviposition ofE. comesandE. bistrataonV. vinifera, interspecific hybrid, and native American cultivars was compared in greenhouse choice tests and field no-choice tests. In choice tests,E. comeslaid more eggs on Concord and Elvira than on the interspecific hybrid ‘Seyval blanc’, or theV. viniferacultivar ‘White Riesling’.E. bistratadid not oviposit on Concord when paired with either Elvira, Seyval blanc or White Riesling. When caged to grape leaves in no-choice tests,E. comeslaid the most eggs on native American cultivars and the fewest onV. viniferaand interspecific hybrids;E. bistratalaid the most eggs on hybrid andV. viniferacultivars, and very few eggs on three native American cultivars. These results show thatE. bistrataandE. vitifexare the principal pest species onV. viniferaand many interspecific hybrid cultivars in New York, and thatE. comesis the principal leafhopper pest on native AmericanV. labruscacultivars.