56N JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY OCTOBER 1993 VOL. 8 Book Reviews ~ Inductively Coupled Plasmas in Ana- lytical Atomic Spectrometry. Edited by Akbar Montaser and D. W. Golightly. Second edition. Pp. xxii + 10 17. VCH 1992. Price DM 296.00 El 11.00. ISBN 28339-0. 1-5608 1-5 14-0 ISBN 3-527- This book is an excellent review of the area of inductively coupled plasmas with a number of the world’s leading researchers contributing a series of chapters in the areas of their own expertise. The book starts with a chapter re- viewing plasmas in general and placing inductive coupling into context with other plasma generation techniques. Further chapters deal specifically with certain areas of ICP. Initially the book deals with atomic emission spectrome- try with a chapter on the background theory of emission and discussion of local thermal equilibrium (LTE) plas- mas.LTE is also discussed in two further chapters considering funda- mental properties such as electron number density and temperature mea- surements and ICP modelling. Chapter three deals with the principles and instrumentation required for the separ- ation and detection of emitted light and to compliment this work chapter six deals with spectral interferences and line selection. The individual instru- mental components required to gener- ate an ICP and to introduce a sample are dealt with in a chapter on radiofre- quency generators torches and sample introduction. Further in depth discus- sion of sample introduction is dealt with in chapters 15 16 and 17 where liquid solid and gaseous introduction are discussed respectively.To empha- sise development work in the area of torch design presented in chapter 4 an entire chapter (chapter 18) is used to discuss the effectiveness of low flow torches. For readers who are not aware of the wide applicability of ICP-AES there is an excellent examination ofthe area of its use in analysis of a variety of different sample matrices. A book on ICP would be incomplete without at least one section on the rapidly expanding area of ICP-MS. Many of the earlier chapters deal with subjects consistent with both ICP-AES and ICP-MS however the editors have fortunately included three chapters specific to ICP-MS. These deal with the fundamentals as well as two infor- mative chapters on applications which include disciission of instru- mentation interferences and semi- quantitative and quantitative analysis.For completeness the book also deals with the ICP as an atomization cell for fluorescence and looks at ICPs in gases other than argon. This book has tried to put together a study of ICPs in all their forms. The amount of literature reviewed is ex- tremely large considering the extensive bibliographies and references in each section. As with all books made up of contributed chapters from different authors there are a number of sections which overlap and organizing such information into separate chapters has proved difficult. In terms of use as a textbook the book contains a great deal of useful information but at El 1 1 I can only see it being available in libraries.Having said this the individual chap- ters have been extremely well written and I would recommend anyone who is interested in finding out all about ICPs to take a serious look at this book. Phil Riby Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences University of Greenwich London UK SE18 6PF Flow Injection Separation and Pre- concentration. Zhaolun Fang. Pp. xiv+ 259. VCH Weinheim ISBN 3-527-28308. VCH New York 1993. Price DM 148.00 E61.00. ISBN 1-5608 1 - 1 47- 1. The book consists of nine chapters divided into basic principles (Chapter 1 ) general instrumentation (Chapter 2) followed by five chapters on chemical aspects of separations liquid-liquid extraction (Chapter 3) sorption (Chapter 4) gas-liquid separ- ation (Chapter 5) dialysis (Chapter 6) and precipitation (Chapter 7). This is succeeded by two chapters on applica- tions one on environmental and agri- cultural (Chapter 8) and one on clini- cal and pharmaceutical (Chapter 9) applications.In the first chapter the author briefly outlines the historical perspectives and basic principles of F1 before concen- trating on and giving a well-described version of the general characteristics and fundamental aspects of FI separa- tion and preconcentration. He outlines some very important and valuable features necessary in designing and optimizing FI separation systems for good performance. Chapter 2 gives a general description of the basic com- ponents including pumps valves manifolds and detectors with valuable information on their proper usage in FI devices. The following five chapters are on various chemical aspects of separa- tions.The third chapter introduces the successive sequences required in FI extraction beautifully illustrating and explaining the different segmentors coils and separators the mechanism of phase transfer and dispersion phase separation modes and coupling of FI liquid-liquid extraction systems to various detectors. FI sorption is very well demonstrated in Chapter 4. This chapter considers characteristic fea- tures to be attended to for the proper design of FI column separation sys- tems classifies FI column techniques looks at dispersion in different parts of an FI system such as sample loading sorption and elution and eluate trans- port and post column reactions. A valuable aspect of this chapter is also the description of different columnJOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY OCTOBER 1993 VOL.8 57N packings and examples of on-line col- umn separation and preconcentration systems. In Chapter 3 the well-written outlay of the previous chapters is followed with gas-liquid separation systems starting with classification examples of gas-liquid separators out- lining FI separation systems and coup- ling to various detectors and conclud- ing with an important concept of vapour-generat ion. Chapter 7 on dialysis covers features such as funda- mental aspects dialyser designs mem- branes on-line manifolds and coup- ling to various detectors. In the final chapter on chemical aspects of separa- tions (Chapter 7) the classical tedious and time-consuming manual tech- nique of gravimetric determination is brilliantly transformed into on-line precipitation-dissolution FI manipu- lations. Examples of precipitate collec- tors and on-line precipitation-dissolu- tion systems are given.The concepts in the preceding chap- ters are applied in Chapters 8 and 9 in well-illustrated examples in the en- vironmental agricultural clinical and pharmaceutical fields covering the re- cent literature very well. In conclusion this is a generally well-written and informative book. The author is a prominent scientist in this field and the qualities are shown in this book. The book gives workers in FI the opportunity to view relevant and outstanding contributions on a rapidly developing area in a single monograph. I am sure that this parti- cular book will find a place on the book shelves of many workers in FI analysis.J. F. (Koos) van Staden Department of Chemistry University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa ~~ Advances in Atomic Spectrometry. Vol- ume 1. Edited by Joseph Sneddon. Pp. xii+238. JAI Press. 1992. Price €53.00. ISBN 1-55938-157-4 This book is a snapshot of five selected areas of atomic spectrometry com- prising five chapters with various ex- perts contributing essays on the state of the art in their respective areas. Chapter 1 is contributed by Kuang- Pang Li and James D. Winefordner and is a tutorial covering Analyte Excitation Mechanisms in the Induc- tively Coupled Plasma (ICP). The ICP is described from the perspective of the spatial distribution of electrons temperature and the analyte and the possible mechanisms for analyte exci- tation are explained.The equilibrium approach is explained with reference to the local thermodynamic equilib- rium (LTE) and partial LTE models Penning ionization charge transfer and recombining plasma models. The kinetic approach is explained in terms of the rate and steady state collisional- radiative and dynamic models. Mathe- matical equations and derivations are kept to an absolute minimum which will appeal to many atomic spectro- scopists especially at the post-graduate level. Chapter 2 authored by Robert B. Green and Michael D. Seltzer covers Laser Induced Ionization Spectro- metry and is a fairly comprehensive review of the field incorporating developments in instrumentation methodology figures of merit and fun- damental studies.It would be of use to new researchers investigating this area for the first time. Chapter 3 by Joseph Sneddon is a summary of Sample Introduction in Atomic Spectrometry covering pneu- matic (including high solids) ultra- sonic and thermospray solution nebu- lizat ion electrothermal vaporization laser ablation hydride generation hol- low cathode and glow discharges chro- matography archpark flow injection and direct sample introduction and is essentially a practical guide to the different alternatives available. Chapter 4 by Gerald Dulude is a tutorial on Background Correction Techniques in AAS including deuter- ium arc Zeeman Smith-Hieftje and wavelength modulation. Chapter 5 contributed by Julian Tyson is a comprehensive overview of the application of Flow Injection Techniques for Atomic Spectrometry which touches upon almost every conceivable application and should provide considerable material for re- searchers new in the field and for old hands looking for fresh ideas.In general because the book covers five very diverse areas of application there is a tendency for it to fall between two stools; i.e. by not being comprehensive enough for the purist while containing too much that is irrelevant to someone looking for a rundown of a particular area. Ad- ditionally because of its multi-author- ship and consequent uneveness in the treatment of subject matter certain chapters will appeal to some readers and not to others. For these reasons it is unlikely to appeal to the individual purchaser though it would be useful as a library reference text for researchers wishing to gain an insight into one of the subject areas described. E. Hywel Evans Department of Environmental Sciences University of Plymouth Drake Circus Plymouth UK PL4 8AA COPIES OF CITED ARTICLES The Royal Society of Chemistry Library can usually supply copies of cited articles. For further details contact The Library Royal Society of Chemistry Burlington House Piccadilly London WlV OBN UK. Tel +44 (0)71-437 8565; fax +44 (0)7 1-287 9798; Telecom Gold 84; BUR2 10; Electronic Mailbox (Internet) LIBRARY@RSC.ORG. If the material is not available from the Society’s Library the staff will be pleased to advise on its availability from other sources. Please note that copies are not available from the RSC at Thomas Graham House Cambridge.