Ecology of Spiders (Araneae) in a Peanut Agroecosystem
作者:
Charles W. Agnew,
J. W. Smith,
期刊:
Environmental Entomology
(OUP Available online 1989)
卷期:
Volume 18,
issue 1
页码: 30-42
ISSN:0046-225X
年代: 1989
DOI:10.1093/ee/18.1.30
出版商: Oxford University Press
关键词: Arachnida;predation;spider abundance
数据来源: OUP
摘要:
Spider populations were studied in three peanut fields in the Texas West Cross-Timbers region during the 1981 and 1982 growing seasons. Hunting species made up 85.8 and 91.7% of the spider fauna during 1981 and 1982, respectively; the remainder were webbuilders. Three hunting families, Oxyopidae, Lycosidae, and Thomisidae, were dominant, constituting 74.6% of the total spider fauna for the two study years. Each family in turn was dominated by a single species.Oxyopes salticusHentz (Oxyopidae) constituted 37.3% of the total spider fauna in 1982 and 16.2% in 1981. The Lycosidae were dominated byPardosa pauxillaMontgomery and, as a family, were 31.0% of the fauna in 1981 and 26.6% in 1982. The Thomisidae were dominated by theMisumenopsspp., mostlyM. celer(Hentz). TheMisumenopsspp. were 14.0% and 14.1% (If the spider fauna in 1981 and 1982, respectively. Spider abundance generally increased as the growing season progressed and plant size and structure increased. Lycosids were dependent on a closed plant canopy and were most successful in irrigated fields. Populations of most species, especially lycosids, declined in drought-stressed rain-fed fields, exceptMisumenopsspp., which were most successful under rain-fed conditions. Ballooning activity of spiders was determined from suction trap samples in 1982; results showedO. salticusto be the most numerous aeronaut. The Araneidae and Linyphiidae were next most abundant in suction trap collections, although these and other web-building species constituted only 11.3% of the peanut spider fauna for the two study years. Identification of spider prey revealed a preference for Hemiptera (32.7%), with Lepidoptera and other Araneae constituting 17.3% each. Pest species taken as prey includedHeliothisspp.,Stegasta bosqueella(Chambers), leafhoppers, and thrips (Frankliniellaspp.). Entomophagous species constituted about one-half the spider diet.
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