AbstractThe European introduction of science education to India did not produce the expected cultural transformation. Instead, it created a rift between the educated élite and those brought up in the traditional schools.A growing disillusion with the effects of science and technology (S&T) led Europeans to look more closely at the traditional Indian cultural values, and especially the spiritual heritage of, say, meditation. This in turn has led many Indians to concentrate more heavily on their past and to dismiss modern S&T.Scientists in India now need to integrate socially, and to recognise that mankind has to live in harmony with the environment. Personal relationships are as vital as the production relationship.