Once regarded as an inevitable part of aging, osteoporosis and fracture risk are now recognized as preventable and treatable. Detecting fracture risk and preventing fractures are key intervention strategies. Comprehensive evaluation and treatment of individuals at risk include making the correct diagnosis, identifying correctable factors that can contribute to low bone mass and increased fracture risk, and treating at-risk patients with pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies. Patients must employ sound nutrition practices and reduce the potential for injuries sustained in falls through exercise and environmental safeguards.