Logging debris resident for five or more years in small streams of southeastern Alaska is frequently removed to improve salmonid habitat. This practice was evaluated for its effects on juvenile anadromous Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma and macrobenthos populations in a small spring-fed stream during 1973–1981. Debris, consisting of limbs, needles, and fragmented logs, was removed by hand from the entire stream in July 1976. The surface area, number, and size of pools was reduced thereafter, and the water velocity increased. Macrobenthos density and invertebrate drift decreased 60–90% immediately after debris removal but returned to pretreatment levels in 1977. The Dolly Varden population decreased from 900 to less than 100 fish by 1978 and then fluctuated sharply between late 1978 and 1981. After 1978, Dolly Varden averaged 27 mm less in length and their biomass decreased from 12.5 to 3.9 g/m2. Decrease in fish standing crop occurred in two stages: (1) an initial loss of larger fish due to reduced habitat; (2) loss of smaller individuals during November freshets thereafter. This study indicates that removal of old logging debris does not improve habitat and can result in smaller rearing populations. Old debris should not be removed unless a block to migrating adult spawners or impairment of water quality can be demonstrated.