SummaryAn Armenian patient with familial Mediterranean fever is described. Literature and diagnostic criteria of this disease are mentioned, also the analogy with etiocholanolone fever. Free and conjugated etiocholanolone in the plasma during febrile attacks is elevated in the reported patient. The pyrogenic properties of etiocholanolone are described. Based on personal observation and items from the literature it is concluded that a differentiation has to be made between three syndromes : familial Mediterranean fever, etiocholanolone fever and familial Mediterranean fever with elevated etiocholanolone in the plasma during the febrile attacks.