Three different chromosome numbers, 2n= 10, 2n12 and 2n= 14 have been found in the wild populations ofVicia sativaof Israel. In both the 2n= 10 and 2n= 12 forms two different karyotypes were present but the 2n= 14 type apparently has a stable karyotype. The 2n= 10 types ofV. sativagrow mainly in man-made habitats while the 2n= 12 and 2n= 14 types are usually confined to primary habitats. Occasionally, plants having different chromosome numbers or karyotypes form mixed populations. No definite connection between chromosome types and taxonomic units could be established withinV. sativabut it is worth emphasising that only var.amphicarpahad 2n= 14. This vetch is unique also in bearing subterraneous pods and its chromosome complement is the shortest in the entire aggregate. These facts have been taken as an indication that var.amphicarpais an advanced form in theV. sativaaneuploid series.