The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS) provides a means for systematic observation of newborns. In addition, the BNBAS can be used as a means of helping parents read the cues of their infants and of altering environmental condi-tons to benefit infants. The BNBAS is described, as are clinical uses of the instrument in clinical nursing practice. Preparation for using the BNBAS is also discussed.