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Quantum‐Mechanical Random‐Number Generator

 

作者: Helmut Schmidt,  

 

期刊: Journal of Applied Physics  (AIP Available online 1970)
卷期: Volume 41, issue 2  

页码: 462-468

 

ISSN:0021-8979

 

年代: 1970

 

DOI:10.1063/1.1658698

 

出版商: AIP

 

数据来源: AIP

 

摘要:

For generating the numbers 1, 2, …Min random sequence, an electronic modulo‐Mcounter is used, driven by the pulses from a high‐frequency pulse generator. If the pulse train is interrupted at a random time, then the counter stops at random in one of itsMpossible states, producing thus a random‐number moduloM. The random time is the time at which a Geiger‐Mueller tube registers an electron from a90Sr source. The electronic circuitry is designed such that variations in the characteristics of the components do not impair the randomness. Due to the simplicity of the circuit, the degree of randomness obtainable can be discussed in detail. The randomness of the primarily generated ``basic sequence'' is limited by the finite value of the quotient (pulse‐generator frequency) / (number‐generation frequency). An extremely high degree of randomness can be realized by ``contracting'' the basic sequence, i.e., by adding (moduloM) strings ofk(k=2, 3, 4, or even higher) successive numbers of the basic sequence, to form one number of the final sequence. This contraction can be achieved very easily by interrupting the pulse train only after exactlykelectrons have been recorded by the Geiger‐Mueller tube. The performance of a generator was tested by recording a basic sequence of generated numbers on paper tape. For probing the long‐time reliability of the generator these recordings were made over an 18 months period, and the randomness tests were designed to discover also temporary malfunctions. In accord with the theoretical expectation, these tests did not indicate any deviation from randomness.

 

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