AbstractThe generic nameSciaromium(Mitt.) Mitt. that was originally used as a sectional epithet inLeskeais synonymous withEchinodiumJulE. madeirenseJur. [=E. spinosum(Mitt.) Jur.] is selected as the lectotype of the genusEchinodium.A historical review of taxonomic and nomenclatural problems inSciaromiumis provided and taxa that had previously been excluded from this genus are briefly discussed.Sciaromium flavidulumDusén is aEurhynchiumand the combinationE. flavidulum(Dusén) Ochyra is made.Sciaromiumsect.AlomaDusén is synonymous withEurhynchiumsinceE. flavidulumserves as the type species of this section. The taxonomic position ofS. gracileDusén is discussed and this species is considered synonymous withAmblystegium chilenseLor., which is transferred toPseudoleskeaand the appropriate new combinationP. chilensis(Lor.) Ochyra made. Type specimens ofS. belliiBroth.,S. elimbatumBroth.&Watts andS. forsythiiBroth. in Broth.&Watts are briefly described and illustrated; these species are reduced to synonymy with the polymorphicCratoneuropsis relaxa(Hook. f.&Wils.) Fleisch. in Broth.