JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS The Journal of Analytical Atomic Specrrometn (JAAS ) is an international journal for the publication of original research papers. communications and letters concerned with the development and analytical application of atomic spectrometric techniques. The journal is published bimonthly and also includes comprehensive reviews on specific topics of interest to practising atomic spec- troscopists and incorporates the literature reviews which were previously pub- lished in Annual Reports on Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy (ARAAS). Additional Special Conference Issues are also published. Manuscripts intended for publication as papers or communications must de- scribe original work related to atomic spectrometric analysis.Papers on all as- pects of the subject will be accepted including fundamental studies novel in- strument developments and practical analytical applications. As well as atomic absorption atomic emission and atomic fluorescence spectrometry papers will be welcomed on atomic mass spectrometry X-ray fluorescence/emission spec- trometry and secondary emission spectrometry. Papers describing the measure- ment of molecular species where these relate to the characterization of sources normally used for the production of atoms. or concerning for example indirect methods of anlayses will also be acceptable for publication. Papers describing the development and applications of hybrid techniques involving atomic spec- trometry (e.g. GC coupled AAS and HPLC-ICP) will be particularly welcome.Manuscripts on other subjects of direct interest to atomic spectroscopists in- cluding sample preparation and dissolution and analyte preconcentration proce- dures as well as the statistical interpretation and use of atomic spectrometric data will also be acceptable for publication. Administration and Publication Procedure. Receipt of a contribution for consideration w i l l be acknowledged immediately by the Editorial Office. The acknowledgement will indicate the paper reference number assigned to the con- tribution. Authors are particularly asked to quote this number on a l l subsequent correspondence. All papers (including conference presentations submitted for special issues) are sent simultaneously to at least two referees whose names are not disclosed to the authors.On the basis of the referees' reports. the Editor decides whether the paper i s suitable for publication either unchanged or after appropriate revi- sion. This decision and relevant comments of the referees are communicated to the author. Differences of opinion are mediated by the Editor. possibly after consultation with further referees or. in the last resort. by the Editorial Board When rejection of a paper i s recommended the Editor informs the author and returns the top copy of the manuscript. Authors have the right to appeal to the Editorial Board if they regard a decision to reject as unfair. Authors will receive formal notification when papers are accepted for publi- cation. Proofs. The address to which proofs are to be sent should accompany the paper.Proofs should be carefully checked and returned immediately (by first class mail air mail or fax). Particular attention should be paid to numerical data both in the tables and text. Although short articles are acceptable. the Society strongly discourages frag- Reprints. Fifty reprints of each paper are supplied free on request. Additional reprints can be purchased i f ordered at the time of publication. Details are sent to authors with the proofs. mentation of a substantial body of work into a number of short publications. Unnecessary fragmentation will be 3 valid reason for rejection of manuscripts. There i s no page charge for papers published in JAAS. Notes on the Writing of Papers for JAAS The following types of papers will be considered.Original research paper.$. Cornmunic-ations which must be on an urgent matter and be of obvious Manuscripts should be in accordance with the style and usage shown in re- cent copies of JAAS. Conciseness of expression i s expected clarity i s increased by adopting a logical order of presentation. with suitable paragraph or section headings. Spellings should be in accordance with the Oxford English Dictionary. scientific importance. Rapidity of publication i s enhanced i f diagrams are orit and are usual,y published within 2-3 months of receipt They are intended to be valuable to workers faced with similar problems. A fuller paper may be but tables and formulae may be included Communic~ions receive To facilitate abstracting and indexing by Chemical Abstracts Service and other abstracting organizations i t would be helpful i f at least one forename should be for brief deg-riptions of work that has progressed to a stage at which i t is likely be included with each author's name' The author indicated' .. offered subsequently. if justified by later work. Although publication i s at the discretion of the Editor communications will be examined by at least one referee. Descriptions of methods should be supported by experimental results show- The recommended order of presentation i s as indicated below ing accuracy precision and selectivity. Reviews. which must be a critical evaluation of the existing state of knowl- edge on a particular facet of analytical chemistry. However original work may be included. Simple literature surveys will not be accepted for publication.I t i s desirable that potential review writers should contact the Editor before embark- ing on their work. Copyright. The whole of the literary matter (including tables. figures dia- grams and photographs) in JAAS is Royal Society of Chemistry copyright and may not be reproduced without permission from the Society or such other owner of the copyright as may be indicated. Papers that are accepted must not be published elsewhere except by permission. Submission of a manu- script will be regarded as an undertaking that the same material i s not being considered for publication by another journal in any language. European Associate Editor. Papers from Europe can be submitted to Judith Egan-Shuttler Storchenweg 17 W-7772 Unteruhldingen Germany.CIS Associate Editor. Papers from North America can be submitted to Dr. J . M. Harnly US Department of Agriculture. Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center. BLDG 161 BARC-EAST. Beltsville. MD 20705. USA. Manuscripts. Papers should be typewritten in double spacing on one side on!v of the paper. Copies of any related relevant unpublished material and raw data should be made available on request. Each table and illustration should be on a separate sheet at the end of the text; three copies of text and illustrations should be sent to the Editor JAAS The Royal Society of Chemistry Thomas Graham House Science Park Milton Road Cambridge CB4 4WF or directly to the US Associate Editor. and a further copy retained by the author. (0) Title.This should be as brief as i s consistent with an adequate indication of the original features of the work. The title should usually include the analyte being determined or identified. the matrix and the analytical method used. ( b ) Summap. A summary of about 250 words giving the salient features and drawing attention to the novel aspects should be provided for a l l pa- pers. I t should be essentially independent of the main text and include relevant quantitative information such as detection limits precihion and accuracy data. (c) Keynwrds. Up to five keywords or key phrases. indicating the topics of importance in the work described should be included after the summary. t d ) Aim ofinvesrigorion. A concise introductory statement of the novel fea- tures of the work and the object of the investigation with any essential historical background.followed if necessary by a brief account of prc liminary expcrimental work with relevant references. ( e ) Description of the experimen/al procedures. Working details must be given concisely. Analytical procedures should be given in the form of instructions; well known operations should not be described in detail. Suppliers of equipment and materials and their locations. should be mentioned. 0 Results and Discussion. Results are best presented in tabular or diagram- matic form (but not both for the same results). followed by an appropri- ate statistical evaluation which should be in accordance with accepted practice. For example. a new procedure for multi-element determinations which produced results for which the concentration of 8 out of 10 of the elements determined in a standard reference material were statisticallyindistinguishable from the certificate values should be described in those terms and not referred to as 'excellent agreement'.This is particularly important in the summary. Any discussion should comment on the scope of the method and its validity followed by a statement of any conclusions drawn from the work. A separate conclusions section is not encouraged but if included it should not simply duplicate state- ments in the discussion. ( 8 ) Acknowledgemenrs. Contributions other than co-authors companies or sponsors may be acknowledged in a separate paragraph at the end of the paper. Titles may be given but not degrees.( h ) References. References should be numbered serially in the text by means of superscript figures. e.8.. F ~ t c and Dclves.1 Burns et a/. or ... in a recent paper...' and collected in numerical order under 'References' at the end of the paper. They should be listed. with all the authors' names and initials. in the following form (double-spaced typing) Yerian T. D.. Christian G. D.. and R&i<ka. J.. Analyst. 1986. 111. 865. Sharp B. L.. Barnett. N. W.. Burridge J. C.. Littlejohn D.. and Tyson. J. F.. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1988.3. 133R. Committee for Analytical Methods for Residues of Pesticides and Veterinary Products in Foodstuffs and the Working Party on Pesticide Residues of the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and F d Analyst. 1985 110,765. Hara H..Horvai G.. and Pungor E. Analyst 1988. 113. 1817; Anal. Abstr.. 1989.51.6H57. Norwitz. G. and Keliher P. N.. Analyst. 1987 112. 903 (and references cited therein). L'vov. B. V. Polzik. L. K.. Romanova. N. P.. and Yuzeforskii. A. I. J. Anal. At. Spectrom.. in the press. O'Connor. A.. Sigma St. Louis MO. personal communication. 1989. Appelqvist. R. Ph. D. Thesis University of Lund. Sweden. 1987. Bi. C. Evans E. H. and Caruso J. A. paper presented at the 1992 Winter Conference on Plasma Specctrochemistry San Diego. CA USA January 6-1 I 1992. Journal titles should be abbreviated according to the Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI). The abbreviation for this journal is J. Anal. At. Spertrom. For books. the edition (if not the first) the publisher and the place and date of publication should be given followed by the page number.Harrison. W. W. and Donohue. D. L. in Treatise on Analytical Chemistry. eds. Kolthoff I. M. and Winefordner J. D. Wiley New York 2nd edn.. Gutscht. C. D.. Calixurenes Royal Society of Chemistry Cambridge. 1989. British Pharmacopoeia 1988 HM Stationery Office London 1988. vol. I p. 140. RGiicka J. and Hansen E. H. Flow Injection Analysis. 2nd edn.. Wiley. New York 1988 pp. 299-304. Moody. G. J.. and Thomas J. D. R. in Ion Selective Electrodes in Analytical Chemistry. ed. Freiser H. Plenum New York 1978 ch. 4. Beauchemin D. and Craig J. M.. in Plasm Source Mass Spectrometry. The Proceedings of the Third Surrey Conference on Plasma Source Mms Spectrometry. University of Surrey. July 16th-19th.1989. eds. Jarvis. K. E.. Gray. A. L.. Jarvis. I.. and Williams. J. G.. The Royal Society of Chemistry Cambridge 1990 pp. 25-42. OIJicial Methods of Analysis of the Association of Oficial Analyricol Chemists. ed. Horwitz W.. Association of Official Analytical Chemists Arlington VA 13th edn.. 180. sect. 20.104. 1989 PI. I VOI. I I. ch. 3. pp. 189-235. Authors must. in their own interest check the lists of references against the original papers; second-hand references are a frequent source of error. References 10 conference abstracts which have not been published in the open lit- erature are not acceptable. The number of references must be kept to a minimum. Nnmencluture. Current internationally recognized (IUPAC) chemical nomen- clature should be used. Common trivial names may be used but should first be defined in terms of IUPAC nomenclature.A listing of all relevant IUPAC nomenclature publications appears in the February issue. Symbols und units. The SI system of units as recommended by IUPAC. should be followed. Their basis is the 'Systeme lnternationale d'Unitks' (SI). A detailed treatment is given in the 'Green Book' Quantities. Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry (Blackwell. Oxford I988 edn.). The following will be the guidelines used ( a ) A metric system will always be used in preference to a non-metric one. ( b ) SI will be the standard usage. ( c ) The units used to record the definitive values of 'critical data' or quanti- ties measured to a high degree of accuracy will be S1. These units are summa- rized in the Appendix.The effect on current style of papers for JAAS includes the following ( a ) dimensions should preferably be given in metres (m) or in millimetres ( b ) temperatures should be expressed in K or "C (not OF); ( c ) wavelengths should be expressed in nanometres (nm) not mCI; (6) frequency should be expressed in Hz (or kHz etc.). not in c/s or c.P.s.; rotational frequency can be denoted by use of s-I; in mass spectrometry signal intensity should be expressed in counts s-I and not in Hz; (mm); ( e ) radionuclide activity should be expressed in becquercls (Bq); fl the micron (p) will not be used; 10" will be Ipm. When non-S1 units arc used they must be adequately explained unless their definition is obvious ((-8.. "C and A). The derivation of derived non-SI units should be indicated. Abbreviations.Abbreviational full stops are omitted after the common contractions of metric units (e.g.. ml. g. pg mm) and other units represented by symbols. Abbreviations other than those of recognized units should be avoided in the text except after definition. Upper case letters without points should be used for abbreviations for techniques and associated terms subsequent to defini- tion e.g. HPLC AAS XRF UV NMR SCE. Other common abbreviations and contractions require full points e.g.. q n . m.p.. Dr. except when sub- or super-script. & for example. The abbreviations Me Et PF Bun. Bu' BU Bul. Ph Ac. Alk Ar and Hal can be used; others should be defined. Carboxy groups are written CO,R. not COOR. Substituents should be indicated by R (one) or by R' R'.R' ... (more than one). Percentage concentrations of solutions should be stated in internationally recognized terms. Thus the symbols 'm' instead of 'w' for mass and 'v' for vol- ume are to be used. The following show the manner of expressing these per- centages together with an acceptable alternative given in parentheses % m/m (g per 100 8); 96 d v (g per 100 mi); % v/v. Further implications of the use of the term 'mass' are that 'relative atomic mass' of an element (A,) replaces atomic weight and 'relative molecular mass' of a substance (M,) replaces molecular weight. Concentrations of solutions of the common acids are often conveniently given as dilutions of the concentrated acids such as 'dilute hydrochloric ( I +4)' which signifies 1 volume of the concentrated acid mixed with 4 volumes of water.This avoids the ambiguity of I 4 which might represent either I + 4 or I + 3. Dilutions of other solutions should be expressed in a similar manner. Molarity is generally expressed as a decimal fraction (e.g. 0.375 mol dm-'). Tables and diagrams. Table column headings should be brief. Tables con- sisting of only two columns can often be arranged horizontally. Tables must be supplied with titles and be so set out as to be understandable without reference to the text. Either tables or graphs may be used but not both for the same set of results unless important additional information is given by so doing. The information given by a straight-line calibration graph can usually be conveyed adequately as an equation or statement in the text.Column headings and graph axis labels should be in accord with SI conven- tions. Thus the expression of numerical values of a physical quantitiy should be dimensionless. i.e. the quotient of the symbol for the physical quantity and the symbol for the unit used e.g.. pPa or some mathematical function of a number. e.g. In @/Pa). Further examples are v/cm-I Ucm. mass of substance/g and flow rate/ml min-I. For units which are already dimensionless. i.e. ratios such as 9% or ppm the type of ratio is indicated in parentheses e.g. e (96) or e (ppm). The diagonal line (solidus) will not be used to represent 'per'. In accor- dance with the S1 system units such as grams per millilitre are already ex- pressed in the form g m1-I.It should be noted that the 'combined' unit g ml-' must not have any 'intrusive' numbers. To express concentration in grams per 100 millilitrcs. the word 'per' will still be required Concentration/g per 1 0 ml. It may be preferable for an author to express concentrations in grams per litre (g I - ' ) rather than grams per 100 mi.Most diagrams will be retraced and lettered in order to achieve uniform line thickness and lettering size and style. However all diagrams should be carefully and clearly drawn on good quality paper and should be carefully and clearly lettered. I f possible chromatograms and spectra complicated flow charts circuit digrams. ptc'. should be supplied as artwork for direct reproduction in order 10 avoid time-consuming and expensive redrawing.The clearest copy should be without lettering. Three complete sets of illustrations should be provided two sets of which may be made by any convenient copying process for transmission to the referees. All diagrams should be accompanied by a separately typed set of cap- tions. Wherever possible extensive identifying lettering should be placed in the caption rather than on lines on graphs. erc. Photographs. Photographs can be submitted if they convey essential in- formation that cannot be shown in any other way. They should be submitted as glossy or matt prints made to give the maximum detail. Colour pho- tographs will be accepted only when a black-and-white photograph fails to show some vital feature and can be supplied either as prints or transparen- cies. Appendix I The SI System of Unlts In the SI system there are seven base units- Symbol for Name Symbol Physical quantiry quantity of unit for unit length l metre m mass m kilogram kg time t second S electric current I ampere A thermodynamic temperature T kelvin K amount of substance n mole mol luminous intensity 1 candela cd There are two supplementary dimensionless units for plane angle (radian rad) and solid angle (steradian sr).Some derived SI units that have special names are as follows- Physical frequency force pressure stress energy work heat power electric charge electric potential electric capacitance electric resistance electric conductance magnetic flux magnetic flux density inductance Celcius temperature plane angle solid angle Name of unit hertz newton pascal joule watt coulomb volt farad ohm siemens weber tesla henry degree Celsius radian steradian Symbol for unit Hz N Pa J W C V F R S Wb T H "C K rad I sr I Examples of other derived SI units with no special names or symbols are- Physical quantity S1 unit area volume density velocity angular velocity acceleration pressure kinematic viscosity diffusion coefficient dynamic viscosity electric field strength magnetic field strength luminance square metre cubic metre kilogram per cubic metre metre per second radian per second metre per second squared newton per square metre square metre per second newton second per square metre volt per metre ampere per metre candela per square metre Certain units will be allowed in conjunction with the SI system e.g.- Symbol Physical quantity Name of unit for unit time plane angle volume magnetic flux density (magnetic induction) temperature t energy pressure mass minute degree litre gauss degree Celsius electronvolt bar unified atomic mass unit min I G "C eV bar 0 U Symbol for SI unit m' m' k m-' m s-' rad s-' m s- N m-' m 2 s-l N s m-' V m-' A m-I cd m-' Definition of unit 60s (tdl80) rad lo-' m' = dm' T tl°C = TIK - 273.16 I .602 I x 10-I' J 10' Pa 1.660 54 x lo-'' kgThe other common units of time (e.g..hour and day) will continue to be used in appropriate contexts. Decimal multiples and submultiples have the following names and symbols (for use as prefixes)- 10.' 10" lo-" lo-'! lo-" lo-'" lo-?' lo-?' milli micro nano pic0 femto atto zepto yocto 10' lo" lo' 10' 10" 10'" 10'' 10:' kilo mega gigs tera pet a exa zetta yotta Compound prefixes (e.g.mpm) should not be used; 10." m = I nm. Appendix II Abbreviations Whenever suitable elements may be referred to by their chemical symbols and compounds by their formulae. fined at the first place of mention. The following abbreviations will be used extensively in the Atomic Spectrometry Updates and may be used in original papers provided that they are de- ax. AA AAS AE AES AF A FS AOAC APDC ASV CCP CMP CRM cw d.c. DCP DDDC D M F DNA EDL EDTA EDXRF EIE EPMA ETA ETAAS ETV EXAFS FA AS FAB FAES FAFS FI FPD FT FTMS GC CD GDL GDMS Ge (Li) HCL h.f. HG HPGe HPLC IAEA l0MK ICP ICP-MS IR IUPAC alternating current atomic absorption atomic absorption spectrometry atomic emission atomic emission spectrometry atomic fluorescence atomic fluorescence spectrometry Association of Official Analytical Chemists ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (ammonium pyrrolidin- 1 -yl anodic-stripping voltammetry capacitively coupled plasma capacitively coupled microwave plasma certified reference material continuous wave direct current d.c.plasma diammonium diethyldithiocarbamate N. N-dimethylformamide deoxyribonucleic acid electrodeless discharge lamp ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence easily ionizable element electron probe microanalysis electrothermal atomization electrothermal atomic absorption Spectrometry electrothermal vaporization extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy flame AAS fast atom bombardment flame AES flame AFS flow injection Flame photometric detector Fourier transform Fourier transform mass spectrometry gas chromatography glow discharge glow discharge lamp glow discharge mass spectrometry lithium-drifted germanium hollow cathode lamp high frequency hydride generation high-purity germanium high-performance liquid chromatography International Atomic Energy Agency isobutyl methyl ketone (4-methylpentan-2-one) inductively coupled plasma inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry infrared International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry dit hioformate) LA LC LEAFS LEI LMMS LOD LTE MECA MIP MS NAA NaDDC NlES NlST NTA OES PlGE PIXE PMT PPm F'TFE Qc r.f.REE( s) RIMS RM RSD SIB SEC SEM S I T Si( Li) SIMAAC SlMS SIN SR SRM SSMS STPF TCA TlMS TLC TOP0 TXRF u.h.f. uv VDU vuv WDXRF XRF PPb laser ablation liquid chromatography laser-exci ted atomic fluorescence spectrometry laser-enhanced ionization laser microprobe mass spectrometry limit of detection local thermal equilibrium molecular emission cavity analysis microwave-i nduced plasma mass spectrometry neutron activation analysis sodium diethylidithiocarbamate National Institute for Environmental Studies National Institute of Standards and Technology nitrilotriacetic acid optical emission spectrometry particle-induced gamma-ray emission particle-induced X-ray emission photomultiplier tube parts per billion parts per million polytetrafluoroethylene quality control radiofrequency rare earth elernent(s) resonance ionization mass spectrometry reference material relative standard deviation signal to background ratio size-exclusion chromatography scanning electron microscopy supercritical fluid chromatography lithium-drifted silicon simultaneous multi-element analysis with a continuum source secondary ion mass spectrometry signal to noise ratio synchrotron radiation Standard Reference Material spark source mass spectrometry stabilized temperature platform furnace t ric hloroacet ic acid thermal ionization mass spectrometry thin-layer chromatography trioctylphosphine oxide total reflection X-ray fluorescence ultra-high-frequency ultraviolet visual display unit vacuu m ultraviolet wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence X-ray fluorescence The Royal Society of Chemistry.Thomas Graham House. St.ience fork. Milron Roud Ci!mbridgP. UK. CB4 4WF. Telephone +44 (0)223 420066; Fax +44 ( 0 ) Z Z - j 420247 E-muil RSC09 @lJK.AC.RL.GB (JANET)