Summry—In mesangial cells (MC) isolated from streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rat kidneys, sensitivity to bradykinin (BK) for the induction of cell division and collagen synthesis, was found to be lower than in normal MC. Nevertheless, decreased activities could be revertedin vitroby insulin, at non‐proliferative concentration (Girolamiet al(1995),Can J Physiol Pharmacol73, 848–853). The aim of the present study was to determine whether differences in the properties of diabetic MC could be ascribed to the diabetic stateper se, and/or to experimental conditions,ieculture replating. Through successive cell replating, normal and diabetic types of MC were compared in terms of proliferation, contraction, free calcium concentration in response to KCl depolarization, and in relation to the expression of two cytoskeleton proteins specific to muscle cells, myosin and dystrophin. Studies of proliferation, contraction and free calcium concentration consistently showed that passage 5 was a limit beyond which differences between the two MC types were very small and sometimes non‐significant. We found that the mean maximum contraction (MMC) and especially the proportion of contractile cells (PCC) among diabetic cells was lower than in normal MC. In addition, loss in proliferation activity and in [Ca2+]iconcentrations were also found to occur during these five early passages. Dystrophin, a new marker of contractile phenotype recently described in smooth muscle cell (Leiset al(1994)Cell Biol Toxicol10, 305), was first localized in MC and was compared with myosin also expressed in MC. However, during the course of cell replating and/or with the diabetic state, no visible quantitative changes were detected in the expression of the two contractile proteins. We conclude that cultured mesangial cells undergo phenotype modulations, as observed in other cells, in particular smooth muscle cells and consequently, comparative studies between normal and diabetic MC should not be carried out after the 5t