We studied I 17 in-toed children and found external tibial-fibular torsion and internal axial deviation of the foot from the mids;igittal plane. Based on studies of newborn infants, radiographs. and anatomical specimens. we concluded that ii major couse of in-toed gait in children wiis persistence of the fetid medial deviation of the talur neck and not internal tibial torsion. Spontaneous correction can be anticipated in children up to the age of 3 years if the internal axial rotation is less than 10%. If it is greater than 10%, prognosis for correction with urthoses is age related. In children over the age of 6 years, little correction seems possible.