Purpose.This study examines the safety, efficacy, and complications of 0.02% intraoperative daunorubicin in the prevention of the recurrence of pterygium after excision.Methods.Sixty patients with primary pterygium were included in this prospective, randomized clinical study and were randomly divided into two groups: the treatment group and the control group. Pterygium was excised under a microscope in all patients. The treatment group received intraoperative single application of 0.02% daunorubicin for 3 minutes, whereas the control group received distilled water for the same duration. Recurrence of pterygium and postoperative complications were prime areas of interest.Results.A recurrence rate of 6.67% was seen in the treatment group and was33% in the control group. Chemosis of conjunctiva and delayed epithelization were the only complications noticed after a mean follow-up of 15 months.Conclusion.Initial results indicate that a single intraoperative application of 0.02% daunorubicin for 3 minutes appears to be a safe and effective adjunct therapy to prevent the recurrence of pterygium. However, a much larger cohort study over a considerable number of years will eventually demonstrate the safety.