SummaryTwo cases of moderate congenital factor VII deficiency arc reported. Both patients were admitted for surgery. They had never experienced any abnormal bleeding tendency. Coagulation screening showed a prolonged prothrombin time and a normal activated partial thromboplastin time. Specific assay of factor VII showed a moderate deficiency in both patients and in some of their family members.Preoperative replacement therapy was administered only in one case. In both cases there was no excessive blood loss during and after surgery.In congenital factor VII deficiency, surgery can be performed without any problem and routine preoperative replacement therapy can be avoided.