116 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. M in e r a1 o g i c a 1 C h em i s t r y. Twin Crystal of Molybdenite. By W. E. HIDDEN (Amer. J . Sci., 52, dlO).-This crystal was found near Redrew, Canada, with other remarkable crystals, some of which weighed nearly a pound. The method of twinning seems to prove that molybdcnite should be referred to the hexagonal system. B. H. B. Limonite-pseudomorphs after Iron Pyrites. By J. G. MEEM (Amer. J. Sci., 32, 274-276) .-These limonite pseudomorphs are found near Lexington, Rockbridge Co., Virginia, occurring in the soil. In colour they vary from light-brown to almost black. Most of the crystals have undergone a complete alteration, there being no iron pyrites visible to the naked eye. In some, the unaltered iron pyrites is found forming a nucleus at the centre, in others it forms the bulk of the crjstal.The most commun form of these pseudo- morphs is the octahedron ; this generally occurs combined with the cube. On nearly all the octahedral faces, striations. running at right angles to the edges of these faces are observed. (Compare Abstr., 1886, 992.) B. H. B. Brookite from Magnet Cove, Arkansas. By E. S. DANA (Amer. J. Sci., 32, 314-317).--5. L. Penfield (Abstr., 1H86, 989) described a crystal of brookite of unusual form,from Magnet Cove. The author has studied the large series of brookite crystals from this locality in the collection of C. S. Bement. The planes he has determined o_n these crystals are as follows :-Pinacoids, =Pa, OP ; prisms, wP2, w P, mP2, new ; brachydome, 2Pi6 ; pyramids, +€’, iP2, $Pi, 1P2.B. H. B. By I?. W. CLARKE and J. 8. DILLER (Amer. J. Sci., 32, 211-217).--ht Los Cerillos, New Mexico, about 22 miles south-west of Santa Fb, are mines of turquois which have been worked for centuries. The turquois has never been fully aaalysed. It occurs buried in its matrix, sometimes in nodules, often in veins. It varies in colour from pure sky-blue to dark-green. For aualyses, three typical samples were selected-1, bright blue, faintly translucent ; 2, pale-blue, opaque, earthy, sp. gr. 2.805 ; 3, dark-green, opaque. Turquois from New Mexico. The results were as follows :-MINERUOOIOAL OEEMISTRY 113 Al,O,. &&.. HaO, L V - d P30, CuO, SiO,. CaO. Total. 19.80 39.53 31.96 6.30 1.15 0-13 98-87 19.60 36.88 2-40 32.86 7-51 0.16 0.38 99.79 18.49 37.88 4.07 28.63 6.56 4.20 - 99.83 In discussing these results, it is advisable to compare them with the figures given by Church for the Persian variety (Chem. News, 10, 290), and with those given by Moore (Abstr., 1885, 958) for Cali- fornian turquois, pseudomorphous after apatite.These analyses, ignor- ing the dark-green variety (3), agree well with each other in their atomio ratios. The tnrquois is shown by these analyses to be a v&- able mixture of the salts, 2Al2O3,P2O6,5H20, and 2CuO,PzO6,4H~0. The former formnla may be regarded as that of normal turquois, and may be within A&HPO,jOH),. The copper salt to which the mineral owes its calour is to be considered as an impurity, a view confirmed by the analysis of the dark-green variety (3).A microscopic study of the turquois indicatea that the mineral may have been derived from the alteration of another substance (apatite) with which the vein was formerly filled. The turqaois-bearing rock appears to be eruptive, and probably of tertiary age. Under the microscope, it is seen to be composed of felspar, with a considerable amount of biotite, epidote, iron pyrites, limonite, and some amorphous substance. B. H. €3. A Remsrkable Crystal of Herderite. By W. E. HIDDEN (Amer. J. Sci., 32, 209).--This crystal was found at the locality near Stone- ham, Maine (Abstr., 1884, 827, 1102). Excepting YF2, mP2, and cnP& all the planes observed in the American crystals occur on thie crystal, and one new plane, Ps, is seen to be present. The crystal has a diameter of 25 mm., and in point of size and perfection is un- 6qualled.The planes occurring are 13 in number, with several others slightly indicated. The mean index of refraction for this species for yellow rays is found by Des Cloixeaux to be 1.609. Pseudornorphe of Garnet. By S . L. PENFIELD and F. L. SPEERT Amep. J. Xci., 32, 307--311).-Pseudomorphs of garnet occur in abundance in a bed of chloritie schist overlying the great magnetite bed of the S urr-Michigamme iron range. The crystals are invariably dodecahedra[ varying in sp. gr. from 4.11 to 3-22; the heaviest crystals being nearly pure garnet, and the lightest ones almost wholly the decomposition product. Analysis of the garnet and of the decom- position products gave the following results :- B. H. B. SiOs.&03. Fe20:,. FeO. MnO. MgO. CaO. 1. 38-03 20.83 - 36-15 2.14 0.97 11-73 11. 2 i . 4 19.53 6.26 29-42 - 6.04 - 111. 29.08 19.94 3.91 30.48 0.20 5-36 0-23 N%O. K20. HSO. Total. I. - - - 100.85 11. 0.42 2.64 7.30 99.26 111. 0.29 366 6-53 99.90118 ABSTRACTS OF CHEmCAL PAPERS. I, pure gamet ; 11, decomposition prodncf from a crystal having a sp. gr. of 3.281 ; 111, the same from a crystal having a sp. gr. of 3-22. The decomposition product appears to be closely related to Sand- berger's aphrosiderite. The material in which the garnets are embedded is a, ferriferous chlorite, differing from the alteration product of the garnet, and agreeing closely with thuringite. The pseudomorph garnets from Salida, Chaffee Co., Colorado, differ from the Lake Superior garnets in that the decomposition product forms only a coating, whilst the interior of the crystal is quite homo- geneous. The following are analyses (I) of the pure garnet, sp.gr. 4.163: and (11) of the decomposition product, after deducting 1.04 per cent. of garnet :- SiOa. Al,O,. FeO. MnO. MgO. CaO. I. 37.61 22.70 33-83 1-18 3.61 1.44 11. 28.20 22.31 19.11 - 17.68 0.48 Na,O. KaO. H20. Total. I. - I - 100.31 11. 0.72 1-03 10.90 100.43 The changes which have been previously noted in garnet, differ from those described bv the authors, in that they have been the alteration of pyrope into ri6dolite or serpentine-like kagnesium silicates. B. H. B. Phenacite from Colorado. By W. E. HIDDEN (Amer. J. Sci., 32, 21O--'Lll).-Since the original annoiincement of the discovery by the author, of phenacite a t Florissant (Abstr., 1885, 878), many additional crystals have been found ; the best of them being sent to Professor Des Cloizeaux for examination.He observed 12 planes, amongst which it'2 is new for this species. North Carolina Mineral Localities. By W. E. HIDDEN and A. DES CLOIZEAUX (Avner. J. Sci., 32, 204-208) .-8poduutelze has been discovered in Sharpe's Township, Alexander Co. Physically the emerald-green spodumene (hiddenite) found, is iden tical with the yellow spodumene (triphnne) of Brazil. The three indices of refrac- tion were found to be : a = 1.677 ; = 1.669 ; ty = 1.651 for yellow rays, Black tourrnnZine, noteworthy from the brilliancy and number of the planes prese~ited, occurs a t the same locality. Twelve planes have been identified.Xenotime was discovered about 3 miles east of the Emerald and Hiddenite Mine, in Alexander Co. The colour of the crystals is hair- brown, and some of them are perfectly transparent. Sp. gr. 4.45 to 4.52. Twin crystals of monazite occur with the xenotime. Few finer examples of this rare mineral have ever been found. The crystals are transparent, red, and highly polished. They vary in size from 4 to 20 mm. in length and thickness. They are prismatic from an nn- usual extension of + P and + Pm. 9 distinct but imperfect cleavage parallel to the clinopinacoid wits observed on several crystals, whilst B. H. B. The cleavage is prismatic, and the habit long prismatic.MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRB. 119 the common b a d cleavage was absent. The fact that common monazite is described as having perfect basal cleavage suggests that the difference may be due to the thorium silicate often present as an impurity.Quartz crystals with h a 1 plane.-Genuine basal planes are of very rare occurrence in the so-called basal-plane quartz crystals from North Carolina. In most cases, the planes observed have been produced by compression or juxtaposition, and when carefully measured do not meet the requirements. Mica from Leon Co., Texas. By G. W. LErGmoN (Amer. J. Xci., 32, 317--318).-This mica attracted notice. as it presents characters intermediate between those of the vermiculites and the muscovites. B. H. B. Analysis gave the following results :- SiO,. Al,O,. FqO,. MgO. CuO. N%O. K20. H30. Total. 48.95 25.17 9.40 1.69 trace trace 11.08 4.31 100.60 This composition agrees very closely with that of the mica from Hirschburg.It appears to be an early stage in the alteration of muscovite to vermiculite. B. H. B. Ceriferous Hainstadt Clays. By J. R. STROHECKER (Chem. Nms, 54, 207-208).-The author replies to the criticisms of Blom- strand and of Schertel (Abstr., 1886, 678) and re-a6rms the correct- ness of his statements (Abstr., 1886,,314, 424) as to the presence of the cerium metals in these clays. Crystalline Structure of Iron Meteorites. By 0. W. HUNT- INGTON (Amer. J. Sci., 32, 284-3@3).-From an exhaustive study of the very large collection of meteorites at Hervard College, the author concludes that many of the masses of meteoric iron now known are cleavage crystals, broken off probably by the impact of the mass against the atmosphere.These masses show cleavages parallel to the planes of all the three fundamental forms of the isometric or regular system. The Widmanstatten figures and Neumann lines are sections of planes of crystalline growth parallel to the same three fundamental forms of the isometric system. On different sections of meteorites, Widmanstatten figures and Neumann lines can be exhibited in evei-y degree with no break where a natural line of division can be drawn, The features of the Widmanstftten figures are due to the elimination of incompatible material during the process of crystallisation. The results of this invest,igation confirm the theory that the process of crystallisation must have been very slow ; the most, probable theory of the origin of meteorites seems to be that these masses were thrown off from a sun among the fixed stars, and that they were slowly cooled, while revolving in a zone of intense heat.B. H. B. New Meteoric Iron from Texas. By W. E. HIDDEN (ATner. J. Xci., 32,30&306).-This meteorite was found in 1882, in Maverick Go., Texas. It weighs 97a lbs., and mtlasures 12 by 10 by 6 inches120 ABSTRAOTS OF OHEMlOAL PAPERS. in its three diameters ; its shape being a nearly symmetrical ovoid, somewhat flattened. Tho surface is quite smooth, and coated with the usual thin black crust. Whena small surface is etched a peculiar appearance was presented. There are no Widmanstatten figures, except in traces. There are, however, two series o€ fine lines, cross- ing each other at angles of 70" and 110".which the author concludes to be due to twinning lamella. The meta1 is of unusual whiteuess, and is very soft. Analpis gave the following results :-- Fe . P. Ni + Co. Total. SP. gr. 94 90 0.23 (487) 100~00 7.522 B. H. B Meteoric Iron from Glorieta Mt., New Mexico. By G. F. KUNZ (Amer. J. Sci., 32, 311--313).-Since the publication of the account of the three masses of meteoric iron from Glorieta Mt. (Abstr., 1886, 321), three more masses of the meteorite have been found by J. H. Bullock, and a small piece was found by a Mexican, but it dis- appeared before i t could be Recured. Seven fragments have thus far been obtained. No. 4 weighs 2.65 lbs. ; No. 5, 2.48 Ibs. ; and No. 6, 2.31 lbs. All these fragments are figured and described by the author. A meteorite wag reoently presented to the Colorado Scientific Society by the Boston and Colorado Silver Mining Company, who re- ceived it from Albuquerque, Mew Mexico, as silver bullion.Its weight before cutting was about 5 lbs. An analysis of the iron gave the following result8 :- Fe. Ni. 00. Cu. Zn. C. P. S. Si. Total. 88.76 9.86 0.51 0.03 0.03 0.41 0.18 0.01 PO4 99.83 The striking similarity between this analysis and that of the Glorieta, meteorite, leads the author to believe that this iron is the seventh fragment of the meteorite found by the Mexican, and mistaken by him for silver bullion, B. H. B. Two hitherto undescribed Meteorio Stones. By- E. S. DANA and S. L. PRNFIELD (Amer. J. Xci., 32, 226-231).-1. Meteoritefrom Utuh.-This was found in 1869, in the prairie between Salt Lake City and Echo, and is now in the Pale collection, Its weight is 875 grams.It is oblong in shape, about 12 cm. long, and 9 cm. in its greatest width. The surface is comparatively smooth ; the colour of the crust being reddish-black. The interior of the stone is of a dark bluish- grey colour, distinctly mottled by its chrondritic character, and showing a rather large proportion of iron irregularly distributed through it, with minute patches of troilite. Olivine is the most prominent constituent. Bronzite appears i n irregular crystal frag- ments scattered through the mas8, and plagiaclase felspar is sparingly present in crystalline fragments. The sp. gr. of the meteorite was found to be 3 66. Analysis gave 17.16 per cent.of nickeliferous iron, and 89-84 per cent. of the mineral put, including the troilite and silicates, The iron gave on analyak-MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTR P. 121 Fe. Ni. co. cu. Total. 91.32 8.04 0.60 0.04 100.00 The mineral portion was divided into :-Soluble in hydrochloric acid ; troilite, 6.70 per cent. with 0.62 of NiS ; silicates, 48.85 per cent. Insoluble in hydrochloric acid, including chromite, 45.97. Water, 1.14. Total, 100.66. Analyses of the soluble (I) and insoluble (11) portions gave :- Si02. AI2O3. FeO. MgO. CaO. Na,O. I. 40.33 0.51 21.33 35.15 1.66 0.33 11. 54.83 4.82 8.64 24.56 3.341 1.98 K20. P,O,. Chromite. Total. 100*00 11. 0.12 - 1.71 100~00 I. 0.04 0.65 - The composition of the insoluble part implies that it is made np of brorizite with a little plagioclase.The Chantonnay metborite seems to bear the closest resemblance to the new stone. 2. Neteorite from Cape Gimrdeazc, Missouri.-This stone fell at 3 B.M., on August 14, 1846, accompanied by a, loud report. It became the property of the Yale Museum several years ago. The stone in the museum consists of two parts fitted together, and weighing together 2058 grams. The general shape of the stone is roughly rectangular, with dimensions of 12 by 10 by 10 cm. The surface is smooth, and, where fresh, is of a light grey colour. The metallic particles me scattered uniformly through the mass. The chondritic character is distinct. The sp. gr. of the stone was found to be 3.67. The analysis showed a relation of native iron to troilite and silicates very near that of the Utah meteorite, namely, 17.90 to 82.10 per cent, The iron gave on analysis- Fe .Xi. co. cu. Total. 91-93 7.39 0.63 0.05 100.00 The analysis of the mineral portion gave !-Soluble in hydrochloric acid : troilite, 6.95 ; silicates, 42.68. Insoluble in hydrochlcric acid, including chromite, 50.19. Water, 0.58. Total 100*40. The soluble (I) and insoluble (11) parts gave- Si02. AI20,. FeO. MgO. CaO. N%O. I. 36.32 - 22.31 4023 - 0-28 11. 55.79 5.54 7.91 23-65 3.35 185 I. 0.04 0.82 - 100~00 11. 0.24 - 1.67 100.00 K20. P20,. Chromite. Total. The insoluble part is evidently bronzite, with some felspar. The stone belongs t o the light grey chondrite type of meteorites. B. H. B.116 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.M in e r a1 o g i c a 1 C h em i s t r y.Twin Crystal of Molybdenite.By W. E. HIDDEN (Amer. J . Sci.,52, dlO).-This crystal was found near Redrew, Canada, with otherremarkable crystals, some of which weighed nearly a pound. Themethod of twinning seems to prove that molybdcnite should bereferred to the hexagonal system. B. H. B.Limonite-pseudomorphs after Iron Pyrites. By J. G. MEEM(Amer. J. Sci., 32, 274-276) .-These limonite pseudomorphs arefound near Lexington, Rockbridge Co., Virginia, occurring in thesoil. In colour they vary from light-brown to almost black. Most ofthe crystals have undergone a complete alteration, there being noiron pyrites visible to the naked eye. In some, the unaltered ironpyrites is found forming a nucleus at the centre, in others it formsthe bulk of the crjstal.The most commun form of these pseudo-morphs is the octahedron ; this generally occurs combined with thecube. On nearly all the octahedral faces, striations. running at rightangles to the edges of these faces are observed. (Compare Abstr.,1886, 992.) B. H. B.Brookite from Magnet Cove, Arkansas. By E. S. DANA (Amer.J. Sci., 32, 314-317).--5. L. Penfield (Abstr., 1H86, 989) describeda crystal of brookite of unusual form,from Magnet Cove. The authorhas studied the large series of brookite crystals from this locality inthe collection of C. S. Bement. The planes he has determined o_nthese crystals are as follows :-Pinacoids, =Pa, OP ; prisms, wP2,w P, mP2, new ; brachydome, 2Pi6 ; pyramids, +€’, iP2, $Pi, 1P2.B. H. B.By I?. W.CLARKE and J. 8.DILLER (Amer. J. Sci., 32, 211-217).--ht Los Cerillos, New Mexico,about 22 miles south-west of Santa Fb, are mines of turquois whichhave been worked for centuries. The turquois has never been fullyaaalysed. It occurs buried in its matrix, sometimes in nodules, oftenin veins. It varies in colour from pure sky-blue to dark-green. Foraualyses, three typical samples were selected-1, bright blue, faintlytranslucent ; 2, pale-blue, opaque, earthy, sp. gr. 2.805 ; 3, dark-green,opaque.Turquois from New Mexico.The results were as follows :MINERUOOIOAL OEEMISTRY 113Al,O,. &&..HaO, L V - d P30, CuO, SiO,. CaO. Total.19.80 39.53 31.96 6.30 1.15 0-13 98-8719.60 36.88 2-40 32.86 7-51 0.16 0.38 99.7918.49 37.88 4.07 28.63 6.56 4.20 - 99.83In discussing these results, it is advisable to compare them withthe figures given by Church for the Persian variety (Chem.News, 10,290), and with those given by Moore (Abstr., 1885, 958) for Cali-fornian turquois, pseudomorphous after apatite. These analyses, ignor-ing the dark-green variety (3), agree well with each other in theiratomio ratios. The tnrquois is shown by these analyses to be a v&-able mixture of the salts, 2Al2O3,P2O6,5H20, and 2CuO,PzO6,4H~0.The former formnla may be regarded as that of normal turquois, andmay be within A&HPO,jOH),. The copper salt to which the mineralowes its calour is to be considered as an impurity, a view confirmedby the analysis of the dark-green variety (3).A microscopic study of the turquois indicatea that the mineral mayhave been derived from the alteration of another substance (apatite)with which the vein was formerly filled. The turqaois-bearing rockappears to be eruptive, and probably of tertiary age.Under themicroscope, it is seen to be composed of felspar, with a considerableamount of biotite, epidote, iron pyrites, limonite, and some amorphoussubstance. B. H. €3.A Remsrkable Crystal of Herderite. By W. E. HIDDEN (Amer.J. Sci., 32, 209).--This crystal was found at the locality near Stone-ham, Maine (Abstr., 1884, 827, 1102). Excepting YF2, mP2, andcnP& all the planes observed in the American crystals occur on thiecrystal, and one new plane, Ps, is seen to be present. The crystalhas a diameter of 25 mm., and in point of size and perfection is un-6qualled.The planes occurring are 13 in number, with several othersslightly indicated. The mean index of refraction for this species foryellow rays is found by Des Cloixeaux to be 1.609.Pseudornorphe of Garnet. By S . L. PENFIELD and F. L. SPEERTAmep. J. Xci., 32, 307--311).-Pseudomorphs of garnet occur inabundance in a bed of chloritie schist overlying the great magnetitebed of the S urr-Michigamme iron range. The crystals are invariablydodecahedra[ varying in sp. gr. from 4.11 to 3-22; the heaviestcrystals being nearly pure garnet, and the lightest ones almost whollythe decomposition product. Analysis of the garnet and of the decom-position products gave the following results :-B. H. B.SiOs.&03. Fe20:,. FeO. MnO. MgO. CaO.1. 38-03 20.83 - 36-15 2.14 0.97 11-7311. 2 i . 4 19.53 6.26 29-42 - 6.04 -111. 29.08 19.94 3.91 30.48 0.20 5-36 0-23N%O. K20. HSO. Total.I. - - - 100.8511. 0.42 2.64 7.30 99.26111. 0.29 366 6-53 99.9118 ABSTRACTS OF CHEmCAL PAPERS.I, pure gamet ; 11, decomposition prodncf from a crystal having asp. gr. of 3.281 ; 111, the same from a crystal having a sp. gr. of 3-22.The decomposition product appears to be closely related to Sand-berger's aphrosiderite. The material in which the garnets areembedded is a, ferriferous chlorite, differing from the alteration productof the garnet, and agreeing closely with thuringite.The pseudomorph garnets from Salida, Chaffee Co., Colorado, differfrom the Lake Superior garnets in that the decomposition productforms only a coating, whilst the interior of the crystal is quite homo-geneous.The following are analyses (I) of the pure garnet, sp. gr.4.163: and (11) of the decomposition product, after deducting 1.04per cent. of garnet :-SiOa. Al,O,. FeO. MnO. MgO. CaO.I. 37.61 22.70 33-83 1-18 3.61 1.4411. 28.20 22.31 19.11 - 17.68 0.48Na,O. KaO. H20. Total.I. - I - 100.3111. 0.72 1-03 10.90 100.43The changes which have been previously noted in garnet, differ fromthose described bv the authors, in that they have been the alterationof pyrope into ri6dolite or serpentine-like kagnesium silicates.B. H. B.Phenacite from Colorado. By W. E. HIDDEN (Amer. J. Sci.,32, 21O--'Lll).-Since the original annoiincement of the discoveryby the author, of phenacite a t Florissant (Abstr., 1885, 878), manyadditional crystals have been found ; the best of them being sent toProfessor Des Cloizeaux for examination.He observed 12 planes,amongst which it'2 is new for this species.North Carolina Mineral Localities. By W. E. HIDDEN and A.DES CLOIZEAUX (Avner. J. Sci., 32, 204-208) .-8poduutelze has beendiscovered in Sharpe's Township, Alexander Co. Physically theemerald-green spodumene (hiddenite) found, is iden tical with theyellow spodumene (triphnne) of Brazil. The three indices of refrac-tion were found to be : a = 1.677 ; = 1.669 ; ty = 1.651 for yellowrays,Black tourrnnZine, noteworthy from the brilliancy and number ofthe planes prese~ited, occurs a t the same locality.Twelve planes havebeen identified.Xenotime was discovered about 3 miles east of the Emerald andHiddenite Mine, in Alexander Co. The colour of the crystals is hair-brown, and some of them are perfectly transparent. Sp. gr. 4.45 to4.52.Twin crystals of monazite occur with the xenotime. Few finerexamples of this rare mineral have ever been found. The crystals aretransparent, red, and highly polished. They vary in size from 4 to20 mm. in length and thickness. They are prismatic from an nn-usual extension of + P and + Pm. 9 distinct but imperfect cleavageparallel to the clinopinacoid wits observed on several crystals, whilstB. H. B.The cleavage is prismatic, and the habit long prismaticMINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRB. 119the common b a d cleavage was absent. The fact that commonmonazite is described as having perfect basal cleavage suggests thatthe difference may be due to the thorium silicate often present as animpurity.Quartz crystals with h a 1 plane.-Genuine basal planes are of veryrare occurrence in the so-called basal-plane quartz crystals from NorthCarolina. In most cases, the planes observed have been produced bycompression or juxtaposition, and when carefully measured do notmeet the requirements.Mica from Leon Co., Texas.By G. W. LErGmoN (Amer. J.Xci., 32, 317--318).-This mica attracted notice. as it presentscharacters intermediate between those of the vermiculites and themuscovites.B. H. B.Analysis gave the following results :-SiO,. Al,O,.FqO,. MgO. CuO. N%O. K20. H30. Total.48.95 25.17 9.40 1.69 trace trace 11.08 4.31 100.60This composition agrees very closely with that of the mica fromHirschburg. It appears to be an early stage in the alteration ofmuscovite to vermiculite. B. H. B.Ceriferous Hainstadt Clays. By J. R. STROHECKER (Chem.Nms, 54, 207-208).-The author replies to the criticisms of Blom-strand and of Schertel (Abstr., 1886, 678) and re-a6rms the correct-ness of his statements (Abstr., 1886,,314, 424) as to the presence ofthe cerium metals in these clays.Crystalline Structure of Iron Meteorites. By 0. W. HUNT-INGTON (Amer. J. Sci., 32, 284-3@3).-From an exhaustive study ofthe very large collection of meteorites at Hervard College, the authorconcludes that many of the masses of meteoric iron now known arecleavage crystals, broken off probably by the impact of the massagainst the atmosphere. These masses show cleavages parallel to theplanes of all the three fundamental forms of the isometric or regularsystem.The Widmanstatten figures and Neumann lines are sectionsof planes of crystalline growth parallel to the same three fundamentalforms of the isometric system. On different sections of meteorites,Widmanstatten figures and Neumann lines can be exhibited in evei-ydegree with no break where a natural line of division can be drawn,The features of the Widmanstftten figures are due to the eliminationof incompatible material during the process of crystallisation.The results of this invest,igation confirm the theory that the processof crystallisation must have been very slow ; the most, probable theoryof the origin of meteorites seems to be that these masses were thrownoff from a sun among the fixed stars, and that they were slowlycooled, while revolving in a zone of intense heat.B. H. B.New Meteoric Iron from Texas. By W. E. HIDDEN (ATner. J.Xci., 32,30&306).-This meteorite was found in 1882, in MaverickGo., Texas. It weighs 97a lbs., and mtlasures 12 by 10 by 6 inche120 ABSTRAOTS OF OHEMlOAL PAPERS.in its three diameters ; its shape being a nearly symmetrical ovoid,somewhat flattened. Tho surface is quite smooth, and coated withthe usual thin black crust. Whena small surface is etched a peculiarappearance was presented. There are no Widmanstatten figures,except in traces.There are, however, two series o€ fine lines, cross-ing each other at angles of 70" and 110". which the author concludesto be due to twinning lamella. The meta1 is of unusual whiteuess,and is very soft. Analpis gave the following results :--Fe . P. Ni + Co. Total. SP. gr.94 90 0.23 (487) 100~00 7.522B. H. BMeteoric Iron from Glorieta Mt., New Mexico. By G. F. KUNZ(Amer. J. Sci., 32, 311--313).-Since the publication of the accountof the three masses of meteoric iron from Glorieta Mt. (Abstr., 1886,321), three more masses of the meteorite have been found by J. H.Bullock, and a small piece was found by a Mexican, but it dis-appeared before i t could be Recured. Seven fragments have thus farbeen obtained.No. 4 weighs 2.65 lbs. ; No. 5, 2.48 Ibs. ; and No. 6,2.31 lbs. All these fragments are figured and described by theauthor.A meteorite wag reoently presented to the Colorado ScientificSociety by the Boston and Colorado Silver Mining Company, who re-ceived it from Albuquerque, Mew Mexico, as silver bullion. Itsweight before cutting was about 5 lbs. An analysis of the iron gavethe following result8 :-Fe. Ni. 00. Cu. Zn. C. P. S. Si. Total.88.76 9.86 0.51 0.03 0.03 0.41 0.18 0.01 PO4 99.83The striking similarity between this analysis and that of the Glorieta,meteorite, leads the author to believe that this iron is the seventhfragment of the meteorite found by the Mexican, and mistaken byhim for silver bullion, B. H. B.Two hitherto undescribed Meteorio Stones.By- E. S. DANAand S. L. PRNFIELD (Amer. J. Xci., 32, 226-231).-1. MeteoritefromUtuh.-This was found in 1869, in the prairie between Salt Lake Cityand Echo, and is now in the Pale collection, Its weight is 875 grams.It is oblong in shape, about 12 cm. long, and 9 cm. in its greatestwidth. The surface is comparatively smooth ; the colour of the crustbeing reddish-black. The interior of the stone is of a dark bluish-grey colour, distinctly mottled by its chrondritic character, andshowing a rather large proportion of iron irregularly distributedthrough it, with minute patches of troilite. Olivine is the mostprominent constituent. Bronzite appears i n irregular crystal frag-ments scattered through the mas8, and plagiaclase felspar is sparinglypresent in crystalline fragments.The sp. gr. of the meteorite wasfound to be 3 66. Analysis gave 17.16 per cent. of nickeliferous iron,and 89-84 per cent. of the mineral put, including the troilite andsilicates, The iron gave on analyakMINERALOGICAL CHEMISTR P. 121Fe. Ni. co. cu. Total.91.32 8.04 0.60 0.04 100.00The mineral portion was divided into :-Soluble in hydrochloric acid ;troilite, 6.70 per cent. with 0.62 of NiS ; silicates, 48.85 per cent.Insoluble in hydrochloric acid, including chromite, 45.97. Water,1.14. Total, 100.66.Analyses of the soluble (I) and insoluble (11) portions gave :-Si02. AI2O3. FeO. MgO. CaO. Na,O.I. 40.33 0.51 21.33 35.15 1.66 0.3311. 54.83 4.82 8.64 24.56 3.341 1.98K20. P,O,. Chromite. Total.100*0011. 0.12 - 1.71 100~00I. 0.04 0.65 -The composition of the insoluble part implies that it is made np ofbrorizite with a little plagioclase. The Chantonnay metborite seemsto bear the closest resemblance to the new stone.2. Neteorite from Cape Gimrdeazc, Missouri.-This stone fell at3 B.M., on August 14, 1846, accompanied by a, loud report. It becamethe property of the Yale Museum several years ago. The stone inthe museum consists of two parts fitted together, and weighingtogether 2058 grams. The general shape of the stone is roughlyrectangular, with dimensions of 12 by 10 by 10 cm. The surface issmooth, and, where fresh, is of a light grey colour. The metallicparticles me scattered uniformly through the mass. The chondriticcharacter is distinct. The sp. gr. of the stone was found to be 3.67.The analysis showed a relation of native iron to troilite and silicatesvery near that of the Utah meteorite, namely, 17.90 to 82.10 per cent,The iron gave on analysis-Fe . Xi. co. cu. Total.91-93 7.39 0.63 0.05 100.00The analysis of the mineral portion gave !-Soluble in hydrochloricacid : troilite, 6.95 ; silicates, 42.68. Insoluble in hydrochlcric acid,including chromite, 50.19. Water, 0.58. Total 100*40. The soluble(I) and insoluble (11) parts gave-Si02. AI20,. FeO. MgO. CaO. N%O.I. 36.32 - 22.31 4023 - 0-2811. 55.79 5.54 7.91 23-65 3.35 185I. 0.04 0.82 - 100~0011. 0.24 - 1.67 100.00K20. P20,. Chromite. Total.The insoluble part is evidently bronzite, with some felspar. Thestone belongs t o the light grey chondrite type of meteorites.B. H. B