ObjectiveThe authors report the case of a patient in whom kleptomania developed in the course of a right frontolimbic behavior syndrome after undergoing surgery.BackgroundKleptomania is a behavior abnormality that is classified as an impulse-control disorder; however, little is known about its organic correlates.MethodHistory included neurologic data, neuropsychological data, electroencephalographic data, and magnetic resonance images.ResultsObservation of kleptomania associated with a large sellar craniopharyngioma with right-sided extension suggests that the site of a lesion may be crucial for the development of an impulse-control disorder.ConclusionsThe authors discuss kleptomania in the context of functional deficits associated with damage to orbitofrontal—subcortical circuits, and they suggest that kleptomania is a neuropsychiatric symptom that can be conceptualized as being an uncommon compulsive display of impulse dyscontrol.